# What are the common side effects of treatment for acute myeloid leukemia? Canonical page: https://clinicsjo.com/en/faq/common-side-effects-acute-myeloid-leukemia-treatment Language: en Category: oncology Publisher: ClinicsJo Published: 2026-09-13T17:52:51.945Z Content updated: 2026-09-13T17:52:51.945Z Translation (ar): https://clinicsjo.com/ar/faq/common-side-effects-acute-myeloid-leukemia-treatment Side effects of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment can vary significantly based on the type of therapy used, which includes chemotherapy, radiation therapy, stem cell transplantation, and other anticancer medications [\[1\]](). Common side effects include fatigue, fever, easy bleeding or bruising, and an increased risk of infection due to the treatment's effect on healthy blood cells [\[2\]](). It is important to discuss these effects with your healthcare team to manage them effectively. ## Side Effects of Chemotherapy Chemotherapy is a cornerstone of AML treatment, aiming to kill cancer cells in the blood and bone marrow [\[1\]](). However, it also affects healthy, rapidly dividing cells, leading to a range of side effects. Common side effects of chemotherapy include nausea, vomiting, hair loss, and severe fatigue [\[1\]](). Chemotherapy can also cause a drop in white blood cell count, increasing the risk of infection; a decrease in red blood cells, leading to anemia and fatigue; and a decrease in platelets, which increases the likelihood of easy bleeding and bruising [\[2\]](). Some patients may also experience mouth sores, changes in appetite, and diarrhea or constipation. ## Side Effects of Stem Cell Transplantation In some cases of AML, chemotherapy may be followed by a stem cell transplant, also known as a bone marrow transplant [\[1\]](). This procedure carries its own specific risks and side effects. After the transplant, the patient's immune system is very weak, making them susceptible to severe infections [\[1\]](). Other side effects may include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and mouth sores. A potential serious complication is graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), where the transplanted cells attack the patient's tissues [\[1\]](). This requires close monitoring and ongoing management. ## Side Effects of Other Anticancer Drugs In addition to chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation, other anticancer drugs may be used to treat AML, especially in specific cases or as part of post-remission therapy [\[1\]](). The side effects of these medications depend on the specific drug type. For example, some targeted therapies may cause skin rashes, digestive issues, or changes in liver function [\[2\]](). It is essential for patients to discuss all potential side effects of any prescribed medication with their doctors and how to manage them. ## Managing and Dealing with Side Effects Managing the side effects of AML treatment requires a comprehensive approach. Anti-nausea medications can help alleviate nausea and vomiting, while growth factors can be used to stimulate the production of white blood cells and reduce the risk of infection [\[2\]](). It is very important to maintain good hygiene, avoid crowded places to reduce exposure to infection, and report any fever or signs of infection immediately [\[1\]](). Dietary adjustments and adequate rest may help in coping with fatigue. Patients must report any unusual bleeding, bruising, or small red spots under the skin (petechiae) to the healthcare team immediately [\[2\]](). For additional information on understanding AML and advanced treatment options, you can visit [Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): Understanding the Disease and Advanced Treatment Options (Arabic)](). ## Medical references - [Acute Myeloid Leukemia]() - [Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment (PDQ®)–Patient Version]() General health education; not a substitute for individualized clinical assessment. Citation URL: https://clinicsjo.com/en/faq/common-side-effects-acute-myeloid-leukemia-treatment#answer