# What is Neurofibromatosis and what are its main types? Canonical page: https://clinicsjo.com/en/faq/ma-howa-al-waram-al-asabi-al-lifi-wa-anwaoh Language: en Category: neurology Publisher: ClinicsJo Published: 2026-09-13T08:09:52.468Z Content updated: 2026-09-13T08:09:52.468Z Translation (ar): https://clinicsjo.com/ar/faq/ma-howa-al-waram-al-asabi-al-lifi-wa-anwaoh Neurofibromatosis is a group of genetic conditions that lead to the growth of tumors on nerves, potentially affecting the brain, spinal cord, and the nerves that transmit signals between the brain and the rest of the body. While most of these tumors are benign, some can progress into malignant tumors [\[1\]]() [\[3\]](). These tumors result from genetic changes affecting the proteins responsible for regulating nerve cell growth, leading to abnormal cell proliferation and tumor formation [\[1\]](). ## Main Types of Neurofibromatosis Neurofibromatosis is not classified as a single disorder; it encompasses several main types that differ in their symptoms and clinical course: - **Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1):** Previously known as Von Recklinghausen's disease, it is the most common type. Symptoms typically appear in early childhood. Diagnosis requires the presence of two or more specific criteria, such as café-au-lait spots, freckling in specific areas, or the presence of neurofibromas [\[1\]](). - **Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2):** Closely associated with the development of tumors on cranial and spinal nerves, it is characterized specifically by the development of vestibular schwannomas (acoustic neuromas) which can affect hearing and balance [\[1\]]() [\[2\]](). - **Schwannomatosis:** A rare disorder characterized by the growth of benign tumors called schwannomas on peripheral nerves, often associated with chronic pain [\[1\]]() [\[3\]](). ## Symptoms of NF1 NF1 is characterized by a variety of signs that may appear and evolve over time: - **Dermal signs:** The appearance of six or more light brown spots (café-au-lait spots), in addition to freckling in the axillary (armpit) or inguinal (groin) regions [\[1\]](). - **Neurofibromas:** The appearance of neurofibromas under the skin or on the nerves; some (plexiform) may grow to affect multiple nerves [\[1\]](). - **Eyes and bones:** The appearance of Lisch nodules (iris hamartomas) or optic nerve gliomas, in addition to potential bone deformities such as tibial bowing [\[1\]](). - **Other issues:** Learning disabilities and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are common among those affected [\[1\]](). ## Symptoms of NF2 Symptoms of this type usually appear in adolescence or early adulthood and include: - **Hearing and balance problems:** Due to the growth of vestibular schwannomas, causing hearing loss, tinnitus, and balance disorders [\[1\]]() [\[2\]](). - **Additional tumors:** Meningiomas or spinal cord tumors may develop [\[1\]](). - **Visual problems:** Such as early-onset cataracts [\[1\]](). For more details on managing these conditions, you can review [Neurofibromatosis: Understanding Types, Symptoms, and Managing Complications (Arabic)](). There is no cure for this condition, but medical and surgical options are available to manage symptoms and regularly monitor for complications under the supervision of a specialist [\[1\]](). ## When does the condition require urgent care? Immediate medical attention should be sought if symptoms appear indicating compressive complications or concerning changes, such as: sudden or severe hearing loss, sudden weakness in the face or limbs, severe and persistent unexplained headache, or seizures, as these may indicate rapid tumor growth requiring surgical intervention or specialized treatment [\[1\]]() [\[2\]](). ## Medical references - [Neurofibromatosis]() - [Vestibular Schwannoma (Acoustic Neuroma) and Neurofibromatosis]() - [Neurofibromatosis]() General health education; not a substitute for individualized clinical assessment. Citation URL: https://clinicsjo.com/en/faq/ma-howa-al-waram-al-asabi-al-lifi-wa-anwaoh#answer