# What is Bell's palsy and what are its most prominent symptoms? Canonical page: https://clinicsjo.com/en/faq/ma-huwa-shalal-bil-wa-ma-hiya-abraz-a3raduhu Language: en Category: neurology Publisher: ClinicsJo Published: 2026-09-13T08:09:50.760Z Content updated: 2026-09-13T08:09:50.760Z Translation (ar): https://clinicsjo.com/ar/faq/ma-huwa-shalal-bil-wa-ma-hiya-abraz-a3raduhu Bell's palsy is a neurological condition that leads to sudden weakness or paralysis of the muscles on one side of the face. This occurs when the facial nerve, also known as the seventh cranial nerve, which controls facial expressions, is affected. Bell's palsy is considered the most common cause of facial paralysis [\[1\]](). Paralysis typically appears suddenly over a period of 48 to 72 hours, and symptom severity can range from mild to severe. Although the exact cause of Bell's palsy is unknown, some evidence suggests it may be linked to inflammation and swelling of the facial nerve, potentially resulting from a latent viral infection such as herpes simplex or varicella-zoster (chickenpox) [\[1\]](). ## Potential Causes and Risk Factors Although the primary cause of Bell's palsy is not precisely determined, several factors may increase the risk of developing it. Inflammation of the facial nerve is believed to be the underlying factor and may be associated with a previous viral infection [\[2\]](). Potential risk factors include: - Pregnancy [\[1\]]() - Diabetes [\[1\]]() - High blood pressure [\[1\]]() - Obesity [\[1\]]() - Upper respiratory infections [\[1\]]() - Weakened immunity due to stress, lack of sleep, or physical trauma [\[1\]]() Bell's palsy can affect anyone of any age or gender, but it is most common among the 15 to 45 age group [\[1\]](). ## Most Prominent Symptoms of Bell's Palsy Symptoms of Bell's palsy usually appear suddenly and often affect one side of the face. These symptoms can range from mild to severe and include [\[1\]](): - Sudden weakness or paralysis on one side of the face, leading to drooping of the eyebrow and the corner of the mouth [\[1\]](). - Difficulty closing the eyelid on the affected side, which may cause dry eye [\[1\]](). - Drooling from one side of the mouth [\[1\]](). - Difficulty eating and drinking [\[1\]](). - Pain around the jaw and behind the ear [\[1\]](). - Change in sense of taste [\[1\]](). - Increased sensitivity to loud sounds in the affected ear [\[1\]](). - In rare cases, Bell's palsy can affect both sides of the face [\[1\]](). ## Importance of Early Diagnosis and Treatment Early diagnosis and treatment of Bell's palsy are crucial for increasing the chances of full recovery. A doctor diagnoses Bell's palsy based on a physical examination and evaluation of symptoms, while ruling out other potential causes of facial paralysis, such as a stroke [\[2\]](). There is no specific laboratory test to confirm the diagnosis, but some tests may be conducted to rule out other conditions, such as blood tests for Lyme disease or certain viruses [\[1\]](). In most cases, symptoms begin to improve after a few weeks, and most people regain partial or full facial function within a few weeks to six months [\[1\]](). However, some symptoms may persist for longer or become permanent in some cases [\[1\]](). ## Treatment and Care Options Treatment for Bell's palsy involves several aspects aimed at reducing inflammation and protecting the affected eye. A doctor may prescribe corticosteroids (oral steroids) in recent cases of Bell's palsy, and it is preferable to start them within three days of symptom onset to reduce swelling and increase the chance of restoring facial nerve function [\[1\]](). Sometimes, antiviral medications may also be prescribed [\[1\]](). Protecting the affected eye is vital, especially if the patient has difficulty closing the eyelid. Lubricating eye drops or night ointments, and possibly an eye patch, can be used to keep the eye moist and protect it from damage or injury [\[1\]](). To relieve pain, over-the-counter pain relievers such as aspirin or ibuprofen can be used [\[1\]](). Other therapies such as physical therapy, facial massage, or acupuncture may help improve facial nerve function and reduce pain [\[1\]](). In rare cases where facial weakness persists permanently, cosmetic or reconstructive surgery may be an option to correct a drooping smile or an eyelid that does not close [\[1\]](). If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, it is important to [see a doctor immediately (Arabic)]() to evaluate the condition, rule out other serious conditions like stroke, and receive appropriate diagnosis and treatment [\[2\]](). ## Medical references - [Bell's Palsy]() - [Bell palsy]() - [Bell's Palsy]() General health education; not a substitute for individualized clinical assessment. Citation URL: https://clinicsjo.com/en/faq/ma-huwa-shalal-bil-wa-ma-hiya-abraz-a3raduhu#answer