# What is the difference between undernutrition and overnutrition? Canonical page: https://clinicsjo.com/en/faq/malnutrition-difference-between-undernutrition-and-overnutrition Language: en Category: nutrition Publisher: ClinicsJo Published: 2026-09-13T08:09:52.334Z Content updated: 2026-09-13T08:09:52.334Z Translation (ar): https://clinicsjo.com/ar/faq/malnutrition-difference-between-undernutrition-and-overnutrition ## Understanding Malnutrition: Undernutrition and Overnutrition Malnutrition is a broad term indicating that the body is not receiving enough calories or the correct balance of essential nutrients required to maintain health. This can occur if the body does not get enough protein, carbohydrates, and fats, or if a person consumes too many unhealthy foods, or fails to get the vitamins and minerals they need. Malnutrition is often associated with undernutrition, but it also includes overnutrition or an imbalance of nutrients [\[1\]](). Undernutrition is a condition where the body does not receive sufficient calories, proteins, or other macronutrients, or fails to get the right mix of vitamins and minerals. This can lead to conditions such as protein-energy malnutrition, which occurs when the body does not receive enough protein or calories from food. Severe examples of protein-energy malnutrition include kwashiorkor and marasmus [\[1\]](). Conversely, overnutrition occurs when the body receives too many calories or nutrients. This can lead to obesity or other health problems. In some cases, a person may receive sufficient calories but not enough vitamins or minerals, leading to a state of nutritional imbalance [\[1\]](). ## Causes and Signs of Undernutrition Undernutrition can result from several factors, including lack of sufficient food, problems with nutrient absorption, or certain medical conditions. Common causes include an unbalanced diet that lacks variety or specific nutrients, or medical conditions such as malabsorption syndromes, dementia, eating disorders, depression, or cancer. Difficulties with swallowing, digestion, or dental issues, certain medications that affect the sense of taste and smell, and difficulty accessing or preparing food due to chronic illness, mobility issues, or low income can also contribute to undernutrition [\[1\]](). Symptoms of undernutrition vary and may sometimes be absent. However, common symptoms may include fatigue and weakness, dizziness, unexplained weight loss, low body weight, stunted growth or development in children, frequent infections or slow wound healing, dry skin or brittle hair and nails, and swelling of the legs, feet, or abdomen [\[1\]](). ## Causes and Signs of Overnutrition Overnutrition occurs primarily as a result of consistently consuming more calories than the body requires. This can lead to the accumulation of excess body fat, causing obesity. Although obesity may appear to be a state of good nourishment, an obese person may actually suffer from malnutrition due to a deficiency in certain essential vitamins and minerals, resulting from the consumption of calorie-dense but nutrient-poor foods [\[1\]](). You can read more about [warning signs, causes, and how to restore your health (Arabic)](). ## Diagnosis and Next Steps To diagnose malnutrition, a healthcare provider may conduct a nutritional screening that includes questions about weight loss, changes in appetite, and the ability to eat. They may also perform a physical examination and request blood tests to check for signs of nutrient deficiencies [\[1\]](). For example, low albumin levels in the blood can indicate malnutrition, particularly protein deficiency in the diet [\[2\]](). The doctor may also refer you to a nutritionist for specialized assessment and guidance [\[1\]](). If you are concerned about your diet, weight loss, or your child's growth, it is important to talk to a healthcare provider. Treatment for malnutrition may include improving your diet, replacing missing nutrients, and treating the underlying cause of the condition [\[1\]](). Do not stop taking any medications without consulting your doctor first, as some medications may affect test results or nutrient absorption [\[2\]](). ## Medical references - [Malnutrition]() - [Albumin Blood Test]() General health education; not a substitute for individualized clinical assessment. Citation URL: https://clinicsjo.com/en/faq/malnutrition-difference-between-undernutrition-and-overnutrition#answer