# What happens if a brachial plexus injury in infants is not treated? Canonical page: https://clinicsjo.com/en/faq/maza-yahduth-iza-lam-yutam-ilaj-isabat-aldhufirat-aladudiat-ind-alrudda Language: en Category: pediatrics Publisher: ClinicsJo Published: 2026-09-13T17:52:52.675Z Content updated: 2026-09-13T17:52:52.675Z Translation (ar): https://clinicsjo.com/ar/faq/maza-yahduth-iza-lam-yutam-ilaj-isabat-aldhufirat-aladudiat-ind-alrudda If a brachial plexus injury in infants is left untreated, it can lead to serious and ongoing complications. These complications include partial or total loss of movement or sensation in the arm, as well as deformities of the hand or arm ranging from mild to severe, which may result in permanent contractures. Severe nerve pain can persist for long periods, and repeated or unnoticed injuries to the hand or arm may occur due to a lack of sensation [\[2\]](). The brachial plexus is a network of nerves that transmits signals from the spinal cord to the shoulder, arm, and hand, controlling movement and sensation [\[1\]](). When these nerves are damaged, the function of the arm and hand is affected. In some cases, brachial plexus injuries may improve on their own, particularly in infants who recover or improve within 3 to 4 months of age [\[3\]](). However, failing to intervene in cases that do not improve spontaneously can lead to permanent consequences. ## The Importance of Early Diagnosis Early diagnosis of a brachial plexus injury in infants is crucial for determining the extent and type of injury, and subsequently developing an appropriate treatment plan. An examination of the arm, hand, and wrist can reveal problems with the brachial plexus nerves. Signs may include difficulty moving the shoulder, arm, hand, or fingers; weak reflexes in the arm; muscle atrophy; and weakness in flexing the hand [\[2\]](). Diagnostic tests, such as electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies, can help evaluate nerve and muscle function [\[2\]](). ## Available Treatment Options Treatment aims to correct the underlying cause of the injury and enable the child to use their hand and arm as much as possible [\[2\]](). Treatment options include physical therapy to help maintain muscle strength and the use of braces, splints, or other devices to assist with arm function [\[2\]](). In some severe cases, such as nerve rupture or avulsion from the spinal cord, surgery may be necessary to repair the nerves [\[3\]](). Medications can help manage pain [\[3\]](). ## Potential Long-Term Complications If brachial plexus injuries that do not heal on their own are not treated, the following complications may develop: - **Partial or Total Paralysis:** Permanent nerve damage may result in the loss of the ability to move the arm or parts of it [\[2\]](). - **Loss of Sensation:** The child may lose sensation in the arm, hand, or fingers, increasing the risk of unnoticed injuries [\[2\]](). - **Deformities and Contractures:** Deformities of the hand or arm may develop, and joints may become stiff (contractures) due to lack of movement, limiting the range of motion [\[2\]](). - **Chronic Pain:** Severe nerve pain can persist for a long time, affecting the child's quality of life [\[2\]](). For more information on brachial plexus injuries in infants, you can visit [Brachial Plexus Injuries in Infants (Arabic)](). ## When Should You Consult a Doctor? Parents should contact a healthcare provider if they notice any signs of a brachial plexus injury in their child, such as weakness or paralysis of the arm, lack of muscle control in the arm, hand, or wrist, or reduced sensation in the arm or hand [\[1\]](). Early intervention can significantly improve treatment outcomes and reduce the risk of permanent complications [\[2\]](). ## Medical references - [Brachial Plexus Injuries]() - [Brachial plexopathy]() - [Brachial Plexus Injury]() General health education; not a substitute for individualized clinical assessment. Citation URL: https://clinicsjo.com/en/faq/maza-yahduth-iza-lam-yutam-ilaj-isabat-aldhufirat-aladudiat-ind-alrudda#answer