# What is norovirus, what are its symptoms, and how can it be prevented? Canonical page: https://clinicsjo.com/en/faq/what-is-norovirus-symptoms-and-prevention Language: en Category: infectious Publisher: ClinicsJo Published: 2026-09-13T08:09:52.481Z Content updated: 2026-09-13T08:09:52.481Z Translation (ar): https://clinicsjo.com/ar/faq/what-is-norovirus-symptoms-and-prevention Norovirus is a group of highly contagious viruses that cause gastroenteritis, which is an inflammation of the stomach and intestines. It is also known as the Norwalk virus. Norovirus infection can spread very quickly, especially in enclosed or semi-enclosed environments like cruise ships, and can be particularly dangerous for young children and the elderly [\[2\]](). ## How does norovirus spread? Norovirus spreads easily from person to person, or by consuming contaminated food or water. Infection can also occur by touching contaminated surfaces and then touching the mouth [\[3\]](). Due to its highly contagious nature, one infected person can lead to the rapid spread of the virus among others. For example, on cruise ships, crew members are required to report to medical staff immediately upon the appearance of symptoms, which helps in detecting and responding to outbreaks faster than on land [\[2\]](). ## What are the symptoms of norovirus infection? Symptoms of norovirus infection usually appear suddenly and include the following [\[3\]](): - Diarrhea - Nausea and vomiting - Stomach pain Other symptoms may also include fever, headache, and body aches. It is important to note that these symptoms can lead to dehydration, especially in children and the elderly, which requires immediate attention to replace fluids [\[3\]](). ## How can norovirus infection be prevented? Preventing norovirus is crucial to limiting its spread, especially during winter months. Preventive measures include the following: - **Washing hands thoroughly:** Washing hands with soap and water regularly, especially after using the toilet and before preparing or eating food, is the first line of defense. Hand sanitizers should not be relied upon completely, as they may not be as effective against norovirus as handwashing [\[2\]](). - **Preparing food safely:** Ensure fruits and vegetables are washed thoroughly and seafood is cooked completely. Avoid cross-contamination between raw and cooked foods. - **Disinfecting surfaces:** Clean and disinfect surfaces that may be contaminated with the virus, especially after an ill person has used them. - **Avoiding contact with the sick:** If you are on a cruise ship or in an enclosed environment, and medical staff advise you to stay in your cabin if you are ill, it is important to comply to prevent the spread of infection [\[2\]](). - **Isolating infected children:** If your child is suffering from vomiting or diarrhea, they should be taken to the medical center for evaluation, rather than assuming it is just seasickness, to prevent the spread of a potential infection [\[2\]](). ## What is the treatment for norovirus infection and when should you see a doctor? There is no specific medication to treat norovirus infection [\[3\]](). Treatment focuses primarily on bed rest and drinking plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration [\[3\]](). Maintaining hydration is vital, especially for children and the elderly who are more susceptible to the risk of severe dehydration. Fluids such as water, diluted fruit juices, and oral rehydration solutions can help replace lost fluids and electrolytes. For more information on preventing winter epidemics and treating dehydration, you can visit [Norovirus Infection: Preventing Winter Epidemics and Dehydration Treatment (Arabic)](). You should see a doctor if symptoms are severe or if signs of dehydration appear, such as decreased urination, dry mouth and throat, feeling dizzy when standing, or crying without tears in children. In these cases, intravenous fluids may be needed. If you become ill after a cruise, you should inform your doctor that you recently traveled on a cruise ship [\[2\]](). ## Medical references - [Cruise Ship Illness Frequently Asked Questions]() - [Norovirus Infections]() General health education; not a substitute for individualized clinical assessment. Citation URL: https://clinicsjo.com/en/faq/what-is-norovirus-symptoms-and-prevention#answer