Three Phase Bone Scan - Full Body Bone Scan in Jordan
تصوير العظام بالنظائر المشعة
A radionuclide bone scan is a nuclear medicine test in which a radioactive tracer is injected into a vein, binds to areas of active bone turnover where bone is rebuilding or repairing itself, and is then imaged with a gamma camera to produce a map of that activity across the skeleton. It may be performed as a whole-body scan, or as a three-phase study that images the region immediately after injection, again shortly afterwards, and once more some hours later, which is the pattern that helps separate infection of the bone from inflammation of the surrounding soft tissue. The scan is usually requested for bone pain that ordinary imaging has not explained, for a hidden or stress fracture invisible on plain X-ray, for suspected infection in a bone or around a joint replacement, to assess a loose prosthesis, or to look for cancer spread to bone and follow its response. Its strength is that it surveys the whole skeleton in a single study and detects a change in bone activity before the shape of the bone changes. On radiation: this is a **diagnostic study using a low, clinically justified dose**, requested only when the result is expected to change management, and the tracer is gradually cleared in the urine over hours. Following the routine instructions, the scan does not make you a hazard to your family, and it involves no anaesthesia and none of the iodinated contrast used in CT. **Tell your doctor before the injection if you are pregnant, might be pregnant, or are breastfeeding: the scan may be postponed or replaced, and a temporary pause in breastfeeding for a period defined by the team may be advised.** Understanding the limits is essential to reading the result. The scan shows **where** bone activity is increased but not **why**: a fracture, inflammation, infection and a tumour can all produce a similar hot spot, so the images are interpreted alongside the clinical story and other studies, and may be completed with MRI, CT or a biopsy. A negative scan does not exclude every disease, and some tumours with low bone turnover may not show clear uptake. Interpretation belongs with your treating doctor, not with the patient alone.
Procedure steps
- 1
Reviewing the request and brief preparation
The nuclear medicine team checks the indication and your medical history, asks about pregnancy and breastfeeding, about recent studies using contrast, barium or other tracers, and about your medicines. Fasting is not usually required.
- 2
Injecting the tracer into a vein
The tracer is injected into an arm vein much like a blood test; the injection takes moments and does not cause dizziness or a hot flush. In a three-phase study, the region is imaged immediately after injection.
- 3
The waiting period and drinking water
You wait a few hours while the tracer distributes into bone and the excess is cleared. You are asked to drink plenty of water and pass urine frequently, because this improves image quality and reduces bladder exposure.
- 4
Imaging with the gamma camera
You lie on a table while the camera passes slowly over your body or the region of interest. Staying still is what matters; the camera does not touch you and emits no radiation of its own, it records what your body emits.
- 5
Reading and reporting
A nuclear medicine specialist reads the images against your previous imaging and clinical history, and may recommend additional views, MRI, CT or a biopsy to establish the cause of an active spot.
Before the procedure
Tell the team before the appointment if you are pregnant, might be pregnant or are breastfeeding, as this changes the decision. List every medicine and supplement you take, and mention any recent contrast or barium study or other nuclear scan, and any joint replacement, metal implant or pacemaker. Fasting is usually not needed, but drink water normally unless told otherwise. Wear comfortable clothing without zips or metal fasteners and leave jewellery at home. Bring your previous reports and images, and plan for most of the day, because there is a long waiting period between the injection and the imaging; ask whether you may leave the department during it. Also tell the team if pain prevents you from lying still, so that analgesia can be arranged in advance.
After the procedure
Drink plenty of fluids for the rest of the day and empty your bladder frequently to speed clearance of the tracer, and flush the toilet and wash your hands thoroughly after using the bathroom. You can return to your normal food, medicines and work the same day unless the team advises otherwise. If you are breastfeeding, follow exactly the pause your team specified, and as a simple precaution limit prolonged cuddling of infants during the first hours. Ask your treating doctor to go through the report with you, and do not base a decision on a hot spot you interpreted yourself. **Seek care immediately for swelling, increasing pain or hot redness at the injection site, for a rash, itching or breathlessness after the scan, for fever with chills, or for severe back pain with leg weakness, numbness around the buttocks or urinary retention, which is an emergency.**
Expected duration
The injection itself takes only minutes. It is followed by a waiting period of usually two to four hours while the tracer distributes. Whole-body imaging commonly takes 30 to 60 minutes depending on the area covered and the camera used. A three-phase study is spread across the day with immediate, intermediate and delayed images, so plan for half a day to a full day. The report is usually issued within a few days.
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