Down Syndrome in Adults: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

Transition from pediatric to adult services needs a medical summary and ongoing plan. Clinicians should communicate directly with the person and provide appropriate decision-making support.

Related reading: Childhood care and transition to adult follow-up.

Changes in hearing, vision, weight, sleep, mood, walking and daily skills deserve attention. Thyroid disease or sleep apnea may present with nonspecific symptoms.

Down syndrome involves additional chromosome 21 material. Changes in sleep, behavior or memory may have treatable causes and should not automatically be attributed to the syndrome.

Age, cardiac history, coexisting illnesses, medicines and support needs shape follow-up. Care should protect dignity, privacy and meaningful participation in decisions.

Regular health reviews combine history, examination and appropriate tests. Adult guidelines recommend annual assessment for changes from baseline related to dementia beginning at age 40.

Detected conditions receive diagnosis-specific, accessible care. Support includes oral health, activity, nutrition, mental health and communication; no single medicine addresses every adult’s needs.

Some thyroid, sleep, hearing, vision and dementia risks increase with age. Higher Alzheimer risk does not mean every behavioral change represents dementia.

Encourage suitable activity, vaccinations, dental care and individualized preventive checks. Recording usual abilities helps recognize changes. Avoid restrictive diets or supplements without an established need.