Laryngeal Cancer: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

Laryngeal cancer is a malignant tumor that arises in the cells of the larynx, the organ known as the voice box that contains the vocal cords and lies at the front of the neck. Most of these tumors are squamous cell carcinoma, which begins in the inner lining of the larynx.

The danger of the disease lies in its potential to affect vital functions such as breathing, swallowing, and speech. Fortunately, its most common symptom, persistent hoarseness, tends to appear relatively early, offering a chance for early detection if the patient takes note and sees a doctor. The disease is strongly linked to smoking and alcohol use, and the risk rises greatly when the two combine.

The treatment plan depends on the tumor's stage and location, ranging from radiotherapy alone in early stages to a combination of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy in advanced stages, with doctors striving as much as possible to preserve voice function. Early detection significantly improves outcomes and quality of life.

• Persistent hoarseness lasting more than two weeks.
• Pain or difficulty swallowing.
• A lump in the neck.
• Chronic cough or coughing up blood.
• Difficulty breathing or a wheezing sound.

• Smoking in all its forms.
• Excessive alcohol consumption.
• Occupational exposure to certain chemicals.
• Human papillomavirus infection in some cases.

• Combined smoking and alcohol use.
• Age over 55.
• Male sex.
• Poor nutrition and neglected oral health.

• Laryngoscopy to view the tumor.
• A biopsy to confirm the diagnosis.
• CT or MRI to determine the stage and spread.

Early stages

• Radiotherapy or laser surgery, often preserving the voice.

Advanced stages

• A combination of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy.
• Laryngectomy may be needed in advanced cases, with speech rehabilitation.

This content is educational and does not replace consulting an oncologist or head-and-neck surgeon.

• Permanent loss or change of voice.
• Difficulty swallowing and breathing.
• Spread of the tumor to lymph nodes and other organs.

• Quit smoking.
• Avoid or reduce alcohol.
• Occupational protection from harmful substances.
• See a doctor for any persistent hoarseness.