Are biopesticides completely safe for home and garden use?

Biopesticides, or biologically based pesticides, have become an increasingly popular choice for pest control. They are often considered safer than conventional pesticides, but this does not mean they are completely safe under all conditions or that they are free from risks. It is important to understand that the term 'completely safe' can be misleading when it comes to any chemical or biological substance designed for pest control, as all pesticides, including biopesticides, are designed to kill, repel, or control specific forms of plant or animal life considered pests [1]. Therefore, they should always be handled with caution and usage instructions must be followed precisely to minimize any potential risks.

What are biopesticides?

Biopesticides are a class of pesticides derived from natural materials such as animals, plants, bacteria, and minerals [3]. For example, some household insect sprays may contain pyrethrins derived from chrysanthemum flowers, which are generally considered harmless but can cause serious respiratory problems if inhaled in large quantities [2]. These pesticides aim to provide an alternative that is less harmful to the environment and human health compared to synthetic chemical pesticides, but they still require responsible use.

Risks of exposure to biopesticides

Although biopesticides are often classified as less toxic, exposure to them may not be without risk. Pesticides can enter the body through ingestion, inhalation, or skin contact [1]. In the case of pyrethrins, for example, they may cause difficulty breathing, and in rare cases, can lead to coma or seizures if inhaled in large amounts [2]. Children, in particular, may be more susceptible to the harmful effects of pesticide exposure, including effects on neurodevelopment [1].

General symptoms of pesticide poisoning (including some types of biopesticides) may include skin irritation, redness or swelling of the skin, and difficulty breathing [2]. It is important to note that some biopesticides may have unknown long-term effects or may interact differently with individuals who have specific health conditions.

Tips for safe use and prevention

To minimize the risks of exposure to biopesticides, it is recommended to follow these guidelines:

• Read the label carefully: Always follow all instructions and warnings on the product label [3]. This includes the correct dosage, method of application, and required personal protective equipment.
• Good ventilation: When using pesticides indoors, ensure the area is well-ventilated to minimize inhalation of sprays or fumes.
• Avoid skin and eye contact: Use gloves and protective eyewear when handling pesticides. If the pesticide touches your skin or eyes, wash the area with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes [2].
• Keep children and pets away: Keep children and pets away from treated areas until they are completely dry or for the period recommended on the label [3].
• Proper storage: Store pesticides in their original containers, out of reach of children and pets, and in a cool, dry place [3].
• Safe disposal: Dispose of expired or unwanted pesticides in a safe and environmentally friendly manner, according to local guidelines or product instructions [3].

When should you seek emergency help?

In case of suspected pesticide poisoning, whether biological or conventional, immediate medical help should be sought. If the person is experiencing difficulty breathing, coma, seizures, slow heartbeat, bluish lips and nails, severe weakness, or paralysis, these are signs that require immediate emergency care [2]. Move the person to fresh air immediately if they have inhaled the poison [2]. Call your local emergency number (such as 911 in the United States) or a poison control center for specific instructions. It is helpful to be prepared with information such as the person's age, weight, and condition, the product name (ingredients and strength if possible), the time of exposure, and the amount exposed [2].

For more information on the safe use of pesticides in the home and garden in Jordan, you can visit Pesticides in the Home and Garden: Safe Use and Poison Prevention in Jordan (Arabic).

Medical references

• Pesticides
• Insecticide poisoning
• Pesticides