Can I perform CPR on an adult without training?

Yes, you can perform hands-only CPR on adults and adolescents who have gone into cardiac arrest, even if you have not received formal training. This emergency measure is critical to maintain blood and oxygen flow in the body until medical help arrives, and it can save a person's life. These guidelines apply to the resuscitation of adults and adolescents; resuscitating children and infants requires age-appropriate instructions.

When should I start CPR?

You should begin CPR immediately if you find someone who is unresponsive and not breathing normally. Before starting, try to check the person's responsiveness by tapping their shoulder and shouting, "Are you okay?" If they do not respond and are not breathing normally (such as gasping or snoring sounds), call your local emergency number immediately, or ask someone else to call while you begin CPR [1].

How to perform hands-only CPR for adults

If you are not trained in CPR, you can focus on chest compressions only for adults and adolescents. Follow these steps:

• Position the person: Ensure the person is lying on their back on a firm surface [2].

• Hand placement: Place the heel of one hand in the center of the person's chest, then place your other hand on top. Ensure your shoulders are directly over your hands, and keep your arms straight [1].

• Chest compressions: Push hard and fast downwards to a depth of about 5 centimeters (2 inches). Maintain a steady pace of 100 to 120 compressions per minute. Allow the chest to fully recoil between each compression [1].

• Continue: Keep performing chest compressions without stopping until medical help arrives or until the person begins breathing normally [1].

The importance of CPR training

Although hands-only CPR can be life-saving, obtaining certified CPR training is the best way to be prepared for emergencies. Formal training covers how to perform chest compressions and rescue breaths (30 compressions followed by 2 breaths) [1], as well as how to use an Automated External Defibrillator (AED), a device that can restore the heart's normal rhythm [1]. Hands-on training helps you understand the steps and be ready to apply them when needed.

Follow emergency service instructions

When calling for an ambulance, listen to the instructions provided by the dispatcher regarding resuscitation. If the casualty is a child or infant, tell the dispatcher their age and follow their appropriate instructions; pediatric and infant resuscitation guidelines involve rescue breaths along with chest compressions. Do not delay calling for help and beginning life-saving measures while waiting for a trained person to arrive [3]. You can also read the CPR Practical Guide for Adults, Children, and Infants (Arabic) to learn about the differences and prepare with hands-on training.

Medical references

• CPR
• CPR - adult - series
• How to resuscitate a child - NHS