Can women with Turner syndrome have children?

In general, most women with Turner syndrome face difficulty conceiving naturally [1]. Turner syndrome is a genetic disorder affecting females, caused by the partial or complete loss of an X chromosome [3]. This chromosomal deficiency often impacts normal sexual development and fertility [2].

Available reproductive options

Although natural pregnancy is rare, there are options available for women with Turner syndrome who wish to have children:

• Egg donation: One study showed that up to 40% of women with Turner syndrome were able to conceive using donated eggs [1]. This technique is a common and available option for assisted reproduction [2].
• Assisted reproductive technology (ART): These techniques can help some women with Turner syndrome conceive, particularly when using donated eggs [2].

Potential health risks during pregnancy

Women with Turner syndrome who are considering pregnancy must be aware of the increased health risks associated with pregnancy. These risks include:

• Pregnancy-induced hypertension: There is an increased risk of high blood pressure, which may lead to complications such as premature birth or fetal growth restriction [1].
• Aortic dissection: This is a tear or damage in the inner wall of the aorta, the main artery carrying blood from the heart. It occurs in approximately 2% of pregnancies in women with Turner syndrome. Aortic dissection can cause blood to flow rapidly into the lining of the aorta, which may obstruct main blood flow or cause a dilation of the aorta (an aortic aneurysm), which can be life-threatening if it ruptures [1].

Due to these risks, it is essential that women with Turner syndrome undergo a comprehensive medical evaluation before attempting pregnancy. The healthcare team should include specialists who can address health issues associated with Turner syndrome, provide counseling on potential risks, and manage the pregnancy safely [2].

The importance of specialized medical consultation

If you have Turner syndrome and are considering pregnancy, it is of the utmost importance to consult a specialized medical team. This team will evaluate your individual health status, including cardiovascular health, discuss the available options, explain the potential risks, and develop a comprehensive care plan to ensure your safety and that of the fetus [1]. This team may include endocrinologists, cardiologists, and obstetricians experienced in high-risk pregnancies.

For more information about Turner syndrome in general, including diagnosis, symptoms, and lifelong management, you can visit Turner syndrome: diagnosis, symptoms, and lifelong management (Arabic).

When to seek emergency care

During pregnancy, if you experience any severe and sudden pain in the chest or back, shortness of breath, or sudden weakness, you must seek emergency care immediately. These symptoms may indicate an aortic dissection, which is a medical emergency requiring urgent intervention [1].

Medical references

• Other Turner Syndrome FAQs
• Turner Syndrome
• About Turner Syndrome