What are the common symptoms of a brain tumor in children?

Symptoms of childhood brain tumors vary significantly and depend on several factors, such as the child's age, the location of the tumor within the brain, and its size. Because some childhood brain tumors grow rapidly, symptoms may appear and worsen within days or weeks. It is important to see a doctor if you notice any of these symptoms in your child, as they could also be indicative of conditions other than a brain tumor.

General and Common Symptoms

• Headache: This may be a morning headache or one that subsides after vomiting [2].
• Nausea and vomiting: Often unrelated to food intake [2].
• Unusual drowsiness or a change in activity level: The child may appear more lethargic or less interested in usual activities [2].
• Loss of balance, poor coordination, or difficulty walking: The child may have trouble maintaining balance or walking normally [2].

Symptoms Specific to Infants and Young Children

In infants, one clear symptom may be an abnormally large head size, due to the flexibility of their skull bones [2].

Symptoms Related to Tumor Location

The location of the tumor can affect the symptoms that manifest. For example, if the tumor is in the cerebellum, which is the part responsible for controlling movement, balance, and posture, problems with balance and coordination may occur. If the tumor is in the brainstem, which controls vital functions like breathing and heart rate, symptoms may be more serious. Brain tumors can also cause:

• Pain, tingling, numbness, or facial paralysis: The tumor can affect the cranial nerves [2].
• Vision problems: Such as double vision, difficulty moving the eyes, or difficulty seeing clearly [3].
• Hormonal changes: Some germ cell tumors in the central nervous system may cause excessive thirst, frequent urination, or early puberty [3].
• School performance issues: Parents may notice a decline in the child's ability to concentrate or learn [3].

When Should Medical Care Be Sought?

If you notice any of the symptoms mentioned above, especially if they are worsening rapidly or appearing suddenly, it is essential to consult a pediatrician immediately. The doctor may perform a comprehensive neurological examination and order imaging tests such as a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of the brain and spinal cord, which uses magnets, radio waves, and a computer to create detailed images of areas within the brain [2] [3]. Early diagnosis is critical to improving the chances of treatment and recovery. For more information on diagnosis and treatment, you can visit our article on Childhood Brain Tumors: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Family Support (Arabic).

Medical references

• Childhood Central Nervous System Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor Treatment (PDQ®)–Patient Version
• Childhood Central Nervous System Germ Cell Tumors Treatment (PDQ®)–Patient Version