How can medications increase the risk of falls in older adults?

Some medications can increase the risk of falls in older adults by causing symptoms such as dizziness, confusion, or slowed reflexes [1]. They can also lead to a drop in blood pressure when standing, a condition known as orthostatic hypotension, which increases the likelihood of falling [5].

How do medications affect fall risk?

Medications affect fall risk in several ways. One of the primary reasons is their impact on the nervous system, which can cause dizziness, confusion, or slowed reaction times, making it difficult for older adults to maintain their balance or respond quickly to hazards [1]. Additionally, some medications can cause a drop in blood pressure, especially when standing after sitting or lying down (orthostatic hypotension), leading to feelings of lightheadedness or fainting [5].

Medications associated with increased fall risk

There are specific types of medications that may increase the risk of falls in older adults. For example, some blood pressure medications can make a person more prone to orthostatic hypotension [5]. Chronic conditions like diabetes can also increase fall risk [1], and some medications used to treat these conditions may have side effects that contribute to this risk. It is important to review all medications, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements, with a doctor to determine which ones might increase the risk of falling [2].

The importance of regular medication review

Regular medication review is a crucial step in preventing falls in older adults (Arabic). Older adults should discuss their medication list with their doctor or pharmacist regularly, especially when adding a new medication or experiencing any side effects. A doctor can evaluate whether current medications are increasing fall risk and may suggest adjusting dosages or replacing certain medications with alternatives that have fewer side effects [5]. This assessment helps ensure that the therapeutic benefits of the medications outweigh the potential risks.

What to do if you feel dizzy or unsteady?

If you feel dizzy or unsteady after taking medication, it is important to take immediate steps to reduce the risk of falling. Try to stand up slowly from a sitting or lying position [5]. Sit down again if you feel dizzy and ensure the lightheadedness has passed before starting to walk [5]. You should also immediately inform your doctor of any symptoms such as recurring dizziness, unsteadiness while walking, or confusion, as these may be signs that the medication is affecting your balance [6]. In some cases, these symptoms may be an indication of low blood pressure that requires medical evaluation.

Medical references

• Falls
• Postural hypotension (low blood pressure when you stand up) - Overview | Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust
• About Older Adult Fall Prevention
• Low blood pressure (hypotension) - NHS