How long does a mastectomy surgery take?

The duration of a mastectomy surgery depends significantly on the type of surgery being performed, which is determined based on several factors such as the size of the tumor, the extent of its spread, and the status of the lymph nodes. Generally, the surgery can range from one hour for small tumor removals (lumpectomy or partial mastectomy) to several hours for complex total mastectomy procedures that may include lymph node removal or simultaneous breast reconstruction [1].

Types of Mastectomy Surgeries and Approximate Duration

There are several types of mastectomy surgeries that differ in the scope of tissue removed and, consequently, affect the duration of the surgery:

• Lumpectomy or Partial Mastectomy: This surgery is also known as breast-conserving surgery and involves removing only the tumor and some surrounding healthy tissue. It is often performed as an outpatient procedure and takes about one hour [1].
• Total Mastectomy: In this procedure, all breast tissue, the nipple, and the areola are removed. It may also include the removal of some lymph nodes under the arm for examination [3]. This procedure usually takes longer than a lumpectomy.
• Modified Radical Mastectomy: This surgery involves removing the entire breast, including the nipple, areola, and the skin over the breast, as well as most lymph nodes under the arm, and sometimes the lining over the chest muscles [3]. This procedure is more complex and takes longer.
• Prophylactic Mastectomy: Performed to reduce the risk of breast cancer in people at very high risk. It may be bilateral (for both breasts) and may or may not include the nipple [2]. Its duration can vary depending on whether it includes immediate reconstruction.

Factors Affecting Surgery Duration

In addition to the type of surgery, other factors can affect the total duration of a mastectomy:

• Tumor Size and Location: Larger tumors or those in difficult locations may require more time for precise removal [1].
• Lymph Node Removal: If it is necessary to remove lymph nodes under the arm to check for cancer spread, this adds to the surgery time [1].
• Breast Reconstruction: If the patient chooses to have breast reconstruction at the same time as the mastectomy, this will significantly add to the total surgery duration [3].
• Anesthesia: The type of anesthesia used (general or local) can affect preparation for the surgery and the duration of the procedure [1].

Preparation for Surgery and Recovery

Before surgery, your doctor will provide detailed instructions on how to prepare, including medications to stop and fasting guidelines [1]. After the procedure, recovery time varies depending on the type of surgery. For a lumpectomy, recovery is very short, and most women can return to their normal activities within about a week, while avoiding heavy lifting or strenuous activities for one to two weeks [1]. Total mastectomy procedures may require a longer recovery period.

It is important to follow the doctor's instructions regarding wound care and changing dressings [1]. Be vigilant for any signs of infection such as redness, swelling, or discharge from the surgical incision, and if they occur, contact your doctor immediately [1]. You may also need to wear a supportive and comfortable bra [1]. For more detailed information on preparation and recovery, you can visit Mastectomy: Preparation, Procedure, and Physical and Psychological Recovery (Arabic).

Psychological Recovery

Beyond physical recovery, it is important to pay attention to the psychological aspect. A mastectomy can affect self-image and the sense of femininity. It is normal to feel anxious, sad, or even angry [2]. Talking to friends and family, joining support groups, or seeking counseling from a psychologist can be very helpful during this stage.

Medical references

• Breast lump removal
• Mastectomy
• Surgery to Reduce the Risk of Breast Cancer