How do I manage high blood sugar during illness if I have type 1 diabetes?

When you have type 1 diabetes, illness can lead to high blood sugar levels, increasing the risk of developing diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), which is a life-threatening medical emergency [1]. It is essential to monitor your blood sugar and ketone levels regularly, and you may need to adjust your insulin doses. Always consult your healthcare team for personalized guidance.

Monitoring Blood Sugar and Ketone Levels

During illness, it is important to monitor your blood sugar levels regularly. Illness can affect how the body uses insulin, requiring frequent checks of glucose levels [1]. In addition, it is necessary to check ketone levels in your urine or blood. Ketones form when the body begins breaking down fat for energy due to insufficient insulin, and they can accumulate to dangerous levels, causing diabetic ketoacidosis [1]. You should be aware of the symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis, which may include extreme fatigue, difficulty breathing, a fruity odor on the breath, fainting due to dehydration, abdominal pain, nausea, or vomiting [2]. If these symptoms appear, seek emergency care immediately.

Adjusting Insulin Doses

Because illness can affect how the body uses insulin, you may need to adjust your insulin doses. People with type 1 diabetes must take insulin daily to survive [2]. Your healthcare team may direct you to temporarily increase your insulin dose or change the type of insulin you are using. It is crucial to follow the specific treatment plan created by your doctor or diabetes specialist, as incorrect doses can lead to serious complications such as severe hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia [2].

Maintaining Hydration

Illness can lead to dehydration, especially if you have a fever, vomiting, or diarrhea. It is advisable to maintain good hydration. Consult your doctor regarding appropriate fluids and foods during illness, especially if you are having difficulty eating solid food.

When Should You Seek Medical Help?

You must contact your healthcare team immediately if your blood sugar levels are persistently high, if you have high ketone levels, or if you are experiencing symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis [1]. Other signs that warrant emergency care include the inability to keep fluids down, frequent vomiting, difficulty breathing, or confusion. Remember that managing type 1 diabetes during illness requires vigilance and close communication with your healthcare team to ensure your safety and avoid complications [2]. For more information on managing type 1 diabetes, you can visit Type 1 Diabetes: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Patient Guide (Arabic).

Medical references

• Diabetes Type 1
• Type 1 Diabetes