Is genetic testing mandatory before marriage in Jordan?

When discussing genetic testing in Jordan, it is essential to distinguish between what is legally mandatory and what is medically optional. Not all genetic tests are mandatory, but there is a mandatory national program for screening for thalassemia (Mediterranean anemia) for all those intending to marry in Jordan, which has been in effect since 2004 to ensure public health and limit the spread of genetic diseases [4].

Mandatory Thalassemia Screening in Jordan

Through this mandatory national program, the Jordanian Ministry of Health aims to effectively reduce the rates of newborns with thalassemia major. The steps for this screening include an initial complete blood count (CBC) to measure hemoglobin levels and estimate red blood cell size, followed by a confirmatory test known as "Hb Electrophoresis" if necessary [4]. The goal here is not to prevent marriage, but to provide genetic counseling to couples where both are found to be carriers of the genetic trait, and to clarify the potential risks of having children, in order to enable them to make informed decisions about their health future [4].

Optional Genetic Testing and Expanding Prevention

Beyond the mandatory thalassemia screening, many couples may choose to undergo other genetic tests before marriage or while planning for pregnancy. The need for other tests should be discussed with a doctor based on medical and family history, and the accredited center should be consulted regarding current premarital screening requirements. Carrier testing aims to determine if one of the partners carries a genetic alteration that could be passed on to children [1]. These tests are often performed via blood samples or cheek swabs and help couples understand the probabilities of inheriting certain diseases more accurately [1]. You can read more about these procedures and their importance in Genetic testing before marriage and pregnancy (Arabic).

The Importance of Genetic Counseling and Managing Results

If screening shows positive results or reveals the presence of genetic alterations (mutations), this does not necessarily indicate a current disease, but rather points to a genetic predisposition that requires medical follow-up [1]. Positive results are an important indicator to begin specialized genetic counseling sessions. A genetic counselor is the professional who can explain these results, estimate relative risks, and provide accurate information that helps couples plan for pregnancy and manage health concerns [1]. Couples should always discuss any results that appear in tests with an accredited healthcare provider, as the nature of the required test varies based on each individual's family history [1]. It is necessary to be cautious about relying entirely on home tests; although some home tests are available, they do not replace accredited clinical tests that ensure the accuracy and reliability needed to evaluate sensitive genetic cases, especially since results can be complex and require precise medical interpretation [2].

Medical references

• Genetic Testing
• At-Home Medical Tests