How can family and friends support someone with a substance use disorder?

Family and friends can support a person with a substance use disorder by understanding that addiction is a chronic brain disease that requires treatment, offering emotional and practical support, and avoiding stigma in language and behavior. Effective support includes encouraging the pursuit of treatment, participating in family therapy, and focusing on positive communication, while recognizing that recovery is an ongoing process that may involve relapses.

Understanding Substance Use Disorder as a Disease

It is essential for family and friends to realize that substance use disorder, sometimes referred to as addiction, is a chronic brain disease and not a moral failing or a lack of willpower [1]. This understanding helps change the perception of the affected person and reduces the stigma surrounding the disease. Permanent brain changes resulting from repeated drug use can lead to addiction, making it a relapsing disease, meaning that recovering individuals are at risk of returning to drug use even after years of abstinence [1]. Recognizing this fact helps build a foundation of empathy and patience, both of which are vital components in the support process.

Effective Communication and Avoiding Stigma

Using stigma-free language is crucial when discussing substance use disorder. Instead of using terms like "addict," it is preferable to use the phrase "person with a substance use disorder" [2]. This person-centered approach helps separate the individual from their disease and reduces the sense of shame that may prevent them from seeking help [2]. Communication should be open and honest, focusing on concerns about the person's health and well-being rather than assigning blame or being judgmental. Active listening and expressing unconditional love can help build trust and encourage the person to open up about their struggles.

Encouraging and Participating in Treatment

One of the most important forms of support is encouraging the person to seek professional treatment. Research shows that combining medication with counseling offers the best chance of success in most cases [1]. Counseling may include individual, family, or group therapy, helping the person understand why the addiction started, how drugs have changed their behavior, how to manage personal problems, and how to avoid places, people, and situations that make obtaining drugs easy [1]. Family and friends can help by researching treatment options, providing logistical support such as transportation to appointments, and even participating in family therapy sessions if recommended by the therapist. It is also important to address any co-occurring mental health issues, as a dual diagnosis (substance use disorder plus a mental disorder) requires integrated treatment to increase the chances of success [1].

Handling Relapses and Providing Ongoing Support

Because substance use disorder is a chronic and relapsing disease, it is important for family and friends to be prepared for the possibility of relapses [1]. A relapse should not be viewed as a failure, but rather as part of the recovery process and an opportunity to re-evaluate the treatment plan. In the event of a relapse, loved ones should respond with empathy and support, encouraging the person to return to treatment or adjust their treatment plan. Ongoing support can include helping the person develop healthy coping skills, building a strong support network, and engaging in activities that promote well-being. Remember that recovery is a long journey that requires patience, understanding, and consistent support. You can read more about Substance Use Disorder: Treatment and Recovery Without Stigma (Arabic).

Medical references

• Drug Use and Addiction
• A better way to say that: Stigmatizing language affects how we treat addiction