What are the main symptoms of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) in infants?

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a common respiratory virus that can cause mild, cold-like symptoms, but it may lead to serious lung infections, particularly in infants, older adults, and individuals with chronic health conditions. Symptoms typically begin 4 to 6 days after exposure and often appear in stages rather than all at once [1].

Initial symptoms of RSV in infants

The initial symptoms of RSV in infants resemble those of a common cold, and not all may appear at the same time. It is important to monitor any changes in your infant's condition, especially if they are among the groups at higher risk. These symptoms include:

• Runny nose [1]
• Decreased appetite [1]
• Coughing [1]
• Sneezing [1]
• Fever [1]
• Wheezing [1]

RSV symptoms in very young infants

In very young infants, the only symptoms of RSV may be different and less obvious, making them harder to identify. These symptoms may include:

• Irritability [1]
• Decreased activity [1]
• Difficulty breathing [1]

If you notice any of these signs in your infant, especially if they are very young, it is essential to consult a doctor to evaluate the condition and determine if medical attention is required.

When to seek urgent medical care

RSV can cause more serious infections, especially in high-risk groups such as infants. These infections may progress to bronchiolitis, which is an inflammation of the small airways in the lungs, or pneumonia, which is an infection of the lungs [1]. If symptoms worsen over time, a doctor must be consulted immediately [3]. Some individuals with severe infections may require hospitalization [1], where they may receive oxygen, a breathing tube, or a ventilator [1].

It is important to seek urgent medical care if the infant displays any of the following signs that indicate a serious condition:

• Severe difficulty breathing or rapid, labored breathing [1]
• Bluish color around the mouth, nose, or under the fingernails (a sign of lack of oxygen)
• Short periods of stopped breathing
• Retraction of the ribs or neck muscles with each breath
• Sudden deterioration in the infant's condition or extreme lethargy
• Refusal to feed or inability to drink fluids, which may lead to dehydration [1]

Diagnosis and treatment of RSV

A healthcare provider can diagnose RSV through medical history and a physical examination. In cases of severe infection, a laboratory test of nasal fluid or another respiratory sample may be performed to check for the virus [1] [2]. Additional tests for individuals with severe infections may include chest X-rays, blood tests, and urine tests [1].

There is no specific treatment for RSV, and most infections resolve on their own within one to two weeks [1]. Over-the-counter pain relievers can help alleviate fever and pain, but aspirin should not be given to children [1]. Furthermore, cough medicines should not be given to children under the age of four [1]. It is also important to ensure that the infant receives adequate fluids to prevent dehydration [1].

For more information on protecting infants from RSV, you can visit Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) in infants: Protecting children from winter infections (Arabic).

Medical references

• Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections
• Nasal Swab
• A new vaccine is here to protect you and your loved ones from RSV this winter