What are recreational drugs and what are their common types?

Recreational drugs are a group of psychoactive substances that act on the central nervous system, causing changes in mood, consciousness, and behavior. They are often used by young people in settings such as pubs, concerts, nightclubs, and parties. These drugs have common names that change over time or vary by geographical region [2].

Some of these substances may be approved for medical use in specific doses and under medical supervision; however, using them outside of these frameworks is considered misuse and can lead to addiction and serious health problems [1].

Common Types of Recreational Drugs

The most common types of recreational drugs include [2]:

• MDMA (Methylenedioxymethamphetamine): Also known as Ecstasy and Molly.
• GHB (Gamma-hydroxybutyrate): Also known as G and liquid ecstasy.
• Ketamine: Also known as Special K and K.
• Rohypnol: Also known as Roofies.
• Methamphetamine: Also known as Speed, Ice, and Meth.
• LSD (Lysergic acid diethylamide): Also known as Acid.

Amphetamines as an Example of Recreational Drugs

Amphetamines are stimulant medications that cause messages between the brain and the body to travel faster, increasing alertness and physical activity [1]. Amphetamines can be legal if prescribed by a healthcare provider to treat conditions such as obesity, narcolepsy, or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) [1]. However, amphetamines become illegal when used without a prescription to achieve euphoria or enhance performance, in which case they are known as street drugs or recreational drugs [1]. Recreational amphetamine use can lead to addiction [1].

Forms and Methods of Illegal Amphetamine Use

Illegal amphetamines are available in various forms, such as pills and capsules, powder and paste, crystal, and liquid. They can be used in several ways, including swallowing, rubbing on the gums, snorting, injecting intravenously, or smoking [1].

Effects of Amphetamines on the Brain

Amphetamines cause the release of dopamine in the brain, a chemical associated with mood, thinking, and movement, also known as the "feel-good" chemical. Amphetamines may cause a sudden feeling of euphoria, reduced inhibitions, a sense of mental clarity, increased self-confidence, a desire for social interaction, and increased energy [1].

The speed at which effects appear depends on the method of use:

• Smoking or Intravenous Injection: Effects begin immediately, are intense, and last for a few minutes [1].
• Snorting: Effects begin within 3 to 5 minutes, are less intense than smoking or injection, and last from 15 to 30 minutes [1].
• Oral Consumption: Effects begin within 15 to 20 minutes and last longer than other methods, depending on the dose taken [1].

Risks of Recreational Drugs

Recreational drugs can cause multiple physical and psychological harms. Potential health risks include heart problems such as tachycardia, high blood pressure, and heart attacks, as well as high body temperature, memory loss, difficulties in clear thinking, and stroke. They can also lead to mood and emotional problems such as aggressive or violent behavior, depression, and suicidal thoughts. Users may also suffer from persistent hallucinations, inability to distinguish reality, insomnia, tremors, skin sores, and severe tooth decay [1].

Additionally, the use of these drugs, particularly methamphetamine, increases the risk of HIV, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C, especially when sharing needles. Risky behaviors associated with drug use, such as unprotected sex, also increase the risk of contracting these diseases [1].

For more information on the dangers of recreational drug use and how to protect yourself and your loved ones, you can visit The Dangers of Recreational Drug Abuse (Arabic).

Medical references

• Substance use -- amphetamines
• Club Drugs