What are the most common symptoms of breast cancer in men?

Although breast cancer is more common in women, it can also affect men. Understanding the most common symptoms of male breast cancer is important to ensure early diagnosis and effective treatment. Male breast cancer is often diagnosed at a later stage compared to women, partly due to a lack of awareness that men can develop it [3].

Key Signs of Breast Cancer in Men

Most cases of breast cancer in men present as a painless lump that can be felt in the breast. These lumps can develop anywhere in the breast, but they are often located just beneath the nipple and areola in the center [3]. Other symptoms and signs to look out for include:

• A lump or thickening in or near the breast (the most common symptom) [1].
• A change in the shape or direction of the nipple [1].
• Nipple inversion (turning inward) [1].
• Nipple discharge, which may be clear or bloody [1].
• An open sore (ulcer) on the breast skin [1].
• Scaly, red, or swollen skin on the breast, nipple, or areola [1].
• Dimpling or puckering of the skin that resembles an orange peel [1].
• Swelling of the lymph nodes under the arm or near the collarbone [1].

It is important to note that many breast changes in men may be signs of benign or less serious conditions, but it is essential to consult a doctor if you notice any unusual changes [1].

Why Might Diagnosis Be Delayed in Men?

One of the main reasons for delayed diagnosis of breast cancer in men is that men and their doctors may not consider that they are at risk for the disease [3]. Although men have smaller breast tissue, which might suggest early detection, diagnosis is often delayed because lumps are not initially considered to be cancer. Men may associate a breast lump with some type of injury or trauma and might only notice it after it becomes painful [3]. To learn more about this topic, you can visit Male breast cancer: signs you should not ignore and early diagnosis (Arabic).

Diagnostic Steps Following Symptoms

If you experience symptoms of breast cancer, your doctor will perform a clinical examination, including a clinical breast exam, and ask about your personal and family medical history to learn more about the symptoms and risk factors [1]. Your doctor may also order imaging tests such as a breast ultrasound and mammogram [1]. To confirm the diagnosis, a breast biopsy is typically performed, often a core needle biopsy [1].

The Importance of Early Diagnosis

Early diagnosis of breast cancer in men is crucial for improving therapeutic outcomes. Although the 5-year survival rate for localized breast cancer in men is 95%, this rate decreases to 84% if the cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes or organs, and to 20% if it has spread to distant parts of the body [1]. This emphasizes the importance of not ignoring any symptoms and seeking medical care immediately.

When Should You See a Doctor?

You should see a doctor immediately if you notice any new lump or thickening in the breast, any changes in the nipple such as inversion or discharge, or any skin changes such as redness, scaling, or dimpling. Do not hesitate to seek medical advice even if the symptoms are mild or painless, as early diagnosis is the key to successful treatment.

Medical references

• Male Breast Cancer
• Men With Breast Cancer Need More Treatment Options and Access to Genetic Counseling