What is Chikungunya fever?

Chikungunya fever is a viral disease transmitted to humans through the bites of infected mosquitoes. This virus is spread by the same types of mosquitoes that transmit the dengue and Zika viruses [1]. Various regions around the world, including Africa, Asia, Europe, and Central and South America, have experienced outbreaks of this virus [2].

Symptoms of Chikungunya fever usually appear 3 to 7 days after being bitten by an infected mosquito. Most infected individuals experience symptoms ranging from mild to severe, and they recover within one week [1]. However, joint pain may persist for several months in some people [1].

Main symptoms of Chikungunya fever

The most common symptoms of Chikungunya fever are high fever and joint pain [2]. In addition, those affected may suffer from other symptoms such as headache, muscle pain, joint swelling, and the appearance of a rash [1].

It is important to note that some groups are at a higher risk of developing more severe disease, including newborns, older adults, and people with chronic health conditions such as high blood pressure, diabetes, or heart disease [1].

How is Chikungunya fever diagnosed?

Chikungunya fever is diagnosed through a special blood test that can detect the presence of the virus [1]. If you develop symptoms after visiting an area known for the presence of the Chikungunya virus, it is essential to consult a healthcare provider to perform the necessary tests [2].

Is there a specific treatment for Chikungunya fever?

There is no specific medication to treat the Chikungunya virus [2]. Treatment primarily focuses on relieving symptoms. Drinking plenty of fluids, getting enough rest, and taking over-the-counter pain relievers that do not contain aspirin can help you feel better [1]. Taking medications such as paracetamol (acetaminophen) is recommended to reduce fever and relieve pain [2]. Aspirin or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen must be avoided until dengue fever has been ruled out to reduce the risk of bleeding [2].

How can Chikungunya fever be prevented?

The best way to prevent Chikungunya fever is to protect yourself from mosquito bites [2]. Preventive measures include:

• Using a registered and approved insect repellent when outdoors, following usage instructions carefully [1].
• Wearing clothing that covers the arms, legs, and feet [1].
• Staying in air-conditioned places (with windows closed) or places that have screens on windows and doors [1].
• If you are infected with Chikungunya, it is important to protect yourself from mosquito bites during the first week of illness to avoid transmitting the virus to uninfected mosquitoes, thereby preventing its spread [2].

In some cases, a vaccine may be recommended for adults at higher risk of contracting Chikungunya or for travelers to endemic areas [1]. For more information on this topic, you can visit Chikungunya fever: Symptoms, diagnosis, and prevention of mosquito bites (Arabic).

Medical references

• Chikungunya
• About Chikungunya Virus