What is preconception care and why is it important?

Preconception care is the set of health services and preventive measures that a woman receives before pregnancy. This care aims to improve the future mother's health and prepare her body for pregnancy, which reduces the risks of potential complications and contributes to having a healthy baby. It is not limited only to women who are actively planning to get pregnant, but also includes those who are considering it in the near future [1].

This stage is crucial because the mother's health before pregnancy directly impacts the health of the developing fetus and pregnancy outcomes. By taking proactive steps to address health issues and make lifestyle changes, many health problems that the mother and child might face in the future can be prevented [1].

Why is preconception care necessary?

Preconception care contributes to achieving a healthy pregnancy and a safe birth in several ways. It is an opportunity to manage any existing health conditions that might affect pregnancy, such as diabetes or high blood pressure, before they worsen. It also provides enough time to adjust lifestyle habits and take necessary nutritional supplements [1].

For example, getting enough folic acid at least one month before pregnancy and during pregnancy can help prevent serious birth defects in the developing fetus's brain and spine (neural tube defects) [2]. Additionally, avoiding harmful behaviors such as smoking, drinking alcohol, and taking certain medications can reduce the risks of preterm birth, birth defects, and infant mortality [2].

Essential components of preconception care

Preconception care includes several important aspects to ensure the best possible outcomes:

• Talking to a healthcare provider: You should discuss your health history and any current medical conditions, as well as all medications taken (including prescriptions, over-the-counter medications, supplements, and vitamins). You must also ensure that necessary vaccinations are up to date [2].
• Taking folic acid: It is recommended to take 400 micrograms of folic acid daily at least one month before and during pregnancy to prevent neural tube defects [2].
• Avoiding harmful substances: You must quit smoking, drinking alcohol, and using certain medications that can cause serious problems during pregnancy [2]. You should also avoid exposure to harmful chemicals and environmental pollutants at home and in the workplace [2].
• Reaching a healthy weight: People who are overweight or obese have a higher risk of pregnancy complications, while people who are underweight are also prone to serious health problems [2].
• Reviewing family history: Gathering family health history can help identify factors that might affect the baby or the ability to conceive. A doctor may recommend genetic counseling based on this history [2].
• Mental health: It is important to address any feelings of anxiety, sadness, or stress that do not go away and affect daily life by talking to a healthcare provider about treatment options [2].

Next steps and follow-up

If you are considering pregnancy, the first step is to schedule an appointment with a healthcare provider to discuss a preconception care plan [1]. The doctor will assess your current health status, review your medical and family history, and provide necessary guidance regarding lifestyle changes, supplements, and vaccinations. This may include a comprehensive physical exam and specific tests if necessary [1].

It is important to start this care as soon as possible, even if you are not planning to get pregnant immediately. The earlier you start, the better your chances of achieving a healthy pregnancy and a healthy baby. Do not hesitate to ask your doctor any questions or express concerns you may have. For additional information on planning for pregnancy, you can visit our article on Preconception Care: The Importance of Planning for Maternal and Child Health (Arabic).

When should you seek emergency medical help?

In general, preconception care is a preventive process and is not associated with immediate emergencies. However, if you have chronic health conditions such as diabetes or high blood pressure, or if you are taking specific medications, it is essential to discuss these matters with your doctor before trying to conceive. In the event of any worrying or unexpected symptoms related to your general health or reproductive system during the preconception period, you should consult a doctor immediately to evaluate the condition and receive appropriate advice.

Medical references

• Preconception Care
• Planning for Pregnancy