What is the prostate gland and what is its function in the male body?

The prostate gland is a gland roughly the size of a walnut in youth and is an integral part of the male reproductive system. This gland is located in a precise anatomical position directly below the bladder and in front of the rectum, where it surrounds part of the urethra; the tube responsible for transporting urine from the bladder out of the body, as well as transporting semen during ejaculation [1], [3].

The Vital Function of the Prostate Gland

The main task of the prostate is to produce a viscous fluid that mixes with sperm coming from the testicles to form semen. This fluid is not just a carrier for sperm, but it provides the appropriate environment for them to survive and move, making it an essential element in a man's ability to reproduce. Additionally, the prostate contains muscles that contribute to pushing this fluid toward the urethra and out during ejaculation [2], [3].

Prostate Changes with Age

It is normal for the prostate's size and shape to change over the years. In a man's twenties, the prostate is about the size of a walnut, but by the age of forty, it may begin to grow slightly, and by age sixty, it often reaches the size of a lemon. This gradual growth is considered normal, but it may press on the bladder and urethra, leading to urinary symptoms that require medical monitoring [3].

Common Prostate-Related Disorders

Due to its sensitive location and function, the prostate may face several common disorders. Prostatitis is the most common problem for men under age fifty, involving inflammation or swelling of the gland. In contrast, Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is more common in men over fifty, which is an increase in the number of prostate cells unrelated to cancer, but it causes narrowing of the urinary tract. There is also prostate cancer, which is the abnormal growth of cells inside the gland, and it usually grows very slowly [1], [2]. For more details on the differences between these conditions, you can read our article on Common Prostate Diseases: BPH, Prostatitis, and Cancer, Differences and Treatment (Arabic).

Symptoms Requiring Medical Attention

Symptoms associated with prostate problems vary, but they often include a change in urinary patterns. You should consult a doctor if you notice any of the following signs:

• A frequent need to urinate, especially during the night.
• The presence of blood in urine or semen.
• Feeling pain or burning during urination or after ejaculation.
• Weak urine flow or difficulty starting or stopping.
• Feeling that the bladder is not completely emptied [2], [3].

Emergency Medical Warning: If the ability to urinate stops completely, this is considered an emergency and requires going to the emergency room or seeing a doctor without delay, as urinary retention can lead to serious complications such as kidney failure or acute infections [1], [2].

Medical references

• Prostate Diseases
• Prostate Problems
• Understanding Prostate Changes and Conditions