What are the most important questions to ask my doctor before undergoing any surgery?

Before undergoing any surgery, it is essential to be fully aware of everything related to the procedure to ensure your safety and comfort. Asking your doctor the right questions helps you understand the expected steps, potential risks, and how to prepare effectively. Here are the most important questions you should ask:

Understanding the Surgical Procedure and Medical Team

It is important to know the details of the surgery and who will be involved. Ask your doctor for the name of the lead surgeon and who will be part of the surgical team, such as nurses, residents, or fellows, as well as the anesthesiologist who will be responsible for administering anesthesia and monitoring its effects [1]. Inquire about the location and timing of the surgery, and whether it is an outpatient surgery (you leave on the same day) or an inpatient surgery (you stay in the hospital for several days) [1].

Do not hesitate to ask how the surgery will be performed. Will it be open surgery or minimally invasive surgery? Minimally invasive surgery is performed through small incisions or no incisions at all, and may involve the use of a laparoscope. Recovery time is often faster and less painful, with a lower risk of infection compared to open surgery [1]. In some cases, computer-assisted surgical systems may be used, which allow the surgeon to control surgical instruments through very small incisions, facilitating complex tasks in narrow areas of the body. However, the benefits and risks of these techniques should be discussed with your doctor [2].

Preoperative Preparation

You should discuss all medications you are taking with your doctor, including prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications, vitamins, herbs, and dietary supplements. Some medications may need to be stopped before surgery, while others may interfere with the medications you will be given [1]. If you smoke, quitting before surgery, even for a short period, can reduce anesthesia risks, accelerate wound healing, and reduce the risk of pneumonia [1]. It is preferred to quit smoking at least 4 weeks before surgery [1].

Ask about any special diet or exercise plan you may need to follow before surgery. Exercise, even walking, can improve blood flow and aid in recovery. If you suffer from chronic health conditions like diabetes, maintaining glucose levels under control before surgery can improve the healing process [1]. You may be asked to fast for a certain period before surgery; recommendations usually include having a light meal up to 6 hours before surgery and drinking nothing except clear liquids until 2 hours before [1].

Post-Surgical Care and Recovery

Planning for recovery after surgery is just as important as preparing for it. Ask your doctor about the expected recovery time and whether you will need help at home or special supplies. Inquire if you will be able to bend or climb stairs during the recovery period [1]. You may need to arrange for someone to take you home after surgery, especially if it is an outpatient procedure [1].

After surgery, you will be moved to the recovery area where you will be monitored. You may feel dizzy, confused, or cold upon waking. Tell the care team if you experience a headache or nausea. You may feel muscle pain or a sore throat for a short time, and medication can be requested to alleviate this [1]. You will be encouraged to move and walk as soon as possible after surgery, as this helps body functions return to normal faster [1].

Danger Signs and When to Seek Help

Before leaving the hospital, you should receive clear instructions regarding your diet, medications, and how to care for the surgical incision. You must know what activities to avoid and for how long. Most importantly, you should be aware of danger signs that warrant contacting your doctor or seeking emergency help. For example, if you experience a high temperature or increased bleeding, you must contact the relevant authority [1]. Also, many pain medications can cause constipation, so ask your doctor how to prevent this issue [1].

For more information about preparing for surgery, you can visit Surgical Preparation: A Comprehensive Patient Guide Before and After Surgery (Arabic).

Medical references

• Preparing for Surgery
• Computer-Assisted Surgical Systems