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What are the risks of anabolic steroids used for bodybuilding?

Quick answer

Non-medical anabolic steroid use can harm cardiovascular, liver, hormonal, reproductive and mental health. Stacking products or cycling them does not remove risk. They differ from corticosteroids and from monitored hormone treatment prescribed for a medical indication.

Details

Effects beyond muscle size

High blood pressure, adverse cholesterol changes, cardiac problems and suppression of natural hormones may occur. Testicular shrinkage, menstrual disruption and some lasting physical changes are possible. Mood disturbance, depression and dependence can develop. Sharing needles adds blood-borne infection risk.

If already using

Tell a clinician the products, duration and amounts, even if sold as supplements. Stopping, withdrawal and hormone suppression need an appropriate plan. Do not self-treat with online “post-cycle” medicine combinations.

Emergency symptoms

Chest pain, breathlessness, sudden weakness or an unusual severe headache requires emergency care. Jaundice, dark urine or major mood changes need prompt assessment. Seek urgent help and avoid being alone if there are thoughts of self-harm.

Related reading: Is creatine safe for muscles and kidneys, and who needs advice first?.

Note: This answer is for educational purposes and does not replace a consultation with a specialist who examines your case in person. Do not use it for self-diagnosis.

References

  1. Anabolic steroid misuse — NHS
  2. Steroids and other appearance and performance enhancing drugs — NIDA