What causes back pain in girls and young women, and when is assessment needed?
Back pain can be muscular or activity-related, but spinal, pelvic or urinary conditions may also contribute. Age and sex alone do not determine the cause. Persistent, recurrent or cycle-related pain and accompanying symptoms need targeted assessment.
Details
What should you tell the clinician?
Describe onset, injury, activity, links to periods or urination, and possible pregnancy when relevant. Disabling period pain or recurrent pelvic pain may also need gynaecological assessment. Not every backache is caused by sitting posture.
Does everyone need imaging?
No. History and examination determine whether it is useful. Gentle movement and adjusting loads may suit muscular pain, while prolonged bed rest is not a general solution. Check painkiller safety, especially if pregnancy is possible.
Signs that must not wait
New leg weakness, numbness around the genitals or loss of bladder or bowel control requires emergency care. Fever, rapidly worsening severe pain or major injury needs prompt assessment, as do persistent night pain or weight loss.
Related reading: How can I reduce back pain during desk work and prolonged sitting?.