What are early pregnancy signs, and when should I test?
A missed period, nausea, tiredness and tender breasts can be early signs, but symptoms do not confirm pregnancy. Most urine tests can be used from the first missed period, or 21 days after the last unprotected sex if the expected period date is unknown.
Details
Symptoms vary
Nausea can occur at any time of day, and some pregnancies produce few early symptoms. Several signs overlap with premenstrual symptoms or other conditions. Follow the test instructions and check its expiry date rather than relying on symptoms or an uncertain conception date.
If the result is negative
Testing too early can miss a pregnancy. Repeat after a few days if pregnancy remains possible, and seek advice if the period remains absent or uncertainty continues. A positive result is a reason to arrange pregnancy care and review medicines and supplements.
Pain or bleeding needs attention
One-sided lower abdominal pain or unusual bleeding warrants assessment even without a positive test. Severe pain, or shoulder-tip pain with dizziness or fainting, needs emergency care because ectopic pregnancy or another urgent condition is possible. Do not wait to repeat a home test when these symptoms occur.
Related reading: How much folic acid is needed before and during pregnancy?.