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How do flu and a common cold differ, and when is treatment needed?

Quick answer

Flu often starts more abruptly with fatigue, body aches or fever, while a runny nose and sneezing are more typical of a cold. Symptoms overlap with other infections, including COVID-19, so they cannot confirm the diagnosis. Higher-risk patients may need early treatment.

Details

Testing depends on the situation

Not every respiratory illness needs testing, but a result may affect treatment or infection-control decisions. Tell the clinician when symptoms began, whether you are pregnant, and about chronic conditions and medicines. Lack of fever does not exclude influenza.

Antiviral treatment

Antivirals generally work best when started early, preferably within two days. Passing that point does not remove possible benefit in severe illness, hospitalised patients or higher-risk groups. Treatment is not automatic for every person; a clinician decides when it is appropriate. Antibiotics do not treat the influenza virus.

Concerning symptoms

Breathlessness, chest pain, confusion or significant dehydration requires urgent help. Rest, take fluids appropriate for your health and reduce contact with others while ill. Seek assessment if symptoms worsen after an initial improvement rather than assuming it is simply a longer cold.

Related reading: Who should consider a flu vaccine, and when should it be given?.

Note: This answer is for educational purposes and does not replace a consultation with a specialist who examines your case in person. Do not use it for self-diagnosis.

References

  1. Cold versus flu — CDC
  2. Treatment of flu — CDC
  3. Influenza antiviral medications: clinician summary — CDC