Who should consider a flu vaccine, and when should it be given?
Flu vaccines are updated regularly and usually given each season according to local guidance. They are especially important in pregnancy, older age, chronic illness, healthcare work and eligible children. Product choice depends on age and health, and vaccination does not prevent every cold.
Details
Why vaccination is repeated
Influenza viruses change and protection decreases over time, so an old dose does not provide permanent protection. Vaccination helps reduce illness burden and complications, although it cannot guarantee that every infection will be prevented.
Timing and doses
Discuss vaccination before the expected season; it can still be useful during the season depending on circumstances. Some children need two doses in their first vaccination seasons according to age, prior doses and product. Babies under six months are not vaccinated against flu. A local vaccination provider should determine the appropriate schedule.
Before the dose
Mention pregnancy, impaired immunity and any previous severe vaccine reaction. Injected products and live nasal vaccines have different suitability requirements. Severe current symptoms need clinical assessment; a vaccine prevents future illness rather than treating an influenza episode that has already begun.
Related reading: How do flu and a common cold differ, and when is treatment needed?.