Erythema Multiforme: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment
الحمامى متعددة الأشكال
Erythema multiforme is an inflammatory reaction producing target-like skin lesions, often after infection. It may affect mucous membranes and is distinct from Stevens-Johnson syndrome.
What is Erythema Multiforme?
Many episodes resolve within weeks, but severity and recurrence vary. Target appearance alone does not establish the diagnosis without considering distribution, overall health and medicines.
Related reading: Herpes simplex as a possible trigger.
Symptoms
Concentric lesions may develop on hands and feet and spread, with itching or pain. Mouth sores can impair eating and drinking; eye involvement is less common.
Causes
Herpes simplex is a common trigger, with other infections or medicines possible. Some respiratory infection-associated mucosal eruptions are now classified separately and need distinction.
Risk factors
It is more common in younger adults and may follow recurrent herpes. Appearance alone does not prove a particular infection or drug allergy.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis usually relies on history and examination. Biopsy or infection testing may help with uncertainty or recurrent disease. New medicines and symptom timing are reviewed.
Treatment
Mild cases may need symptom relief only. Severe mucosal involvement may require fluid support or hospitalization. Preventive antivirals are an option for selected recurrent cases, not every episode.
Complications
Mouth lesions may cause dehydration, and temporary pigment changes or recurrences can occur. Early eye assessment helps reduce the risk of visual complications.
Prevention
Record triggers and avoid a confirmed culprit medicine with professional advice. Gentle mouth and skin care supports comfort; treating herpes does not immediately resolve an established eruption.
When to see a doctor
Eye pain, blurred vision or inability to drink needs urgent assessment. Extensive peeling or severe skin pain after a new medicine warrants emergency care to exclude a more serious reaction.