Lipoma: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

Lipomas may be single or multiple and occur on the trunk, limbs or elsewhere. They differ from skin cysts and abscesses; two lumps feeling similar does not establish the same diagnosis.

Related reading: Skin abscess and painful lumps.

Typical lumps feel soft or rubbery and move slightly under normal-looking skin. Most are painless; discomfort or numbness may occur depending on location and pressure on nearby structures.

The cause is usually unknown. Some people with multiple lipomas have a familial tendency. Eating fat is not a direct explanation for every lump, and no diet is proven to dissolve a lipoma.

Lipomas can appear at any age but are common in middle adulthood. Family history or numerous lumps may prompt additional assessment, without automatically establishing a genetic syndrome.

Examination assesses size, depth, movement and growth. Ultrasound, MRI or sometimes tissue sampling may be needed for a large, deep or atypical lump. A phone photograph cannot rule out other tumors.

A confirmed, nontroublesome lipoma can be observed. Removal may be considered for symptoms, pressure, cosmetic concern or diagnostic uncertainty. A specialist selects the method; complete excision can reduce recurrence compared with incomplete removal.

Large growths can cause local pressure. Removal may cause scarring, bleeding or infection, and some lumps recur. Assessment of an unusual lump aims to exclude another diagnosis, including a soft-tissue tumor.

There is no established prevention for ordinary lipomas. Avoid unapproved dissolving injections, herbal remedies or cutting a lump at home. Record changes in size and symptoms during agreed follow-up.