What is the difference between stress and anxiety, and what are their signs?

Stress and anxiety are common human experiences, and both impact the mind and body, yet they differ in their nature and causes. Understanding these differences can help identify when feelings are normal and when they require intervention.

What is Stress?

Stress is the brain and body's response to an external challenge or demand. It can be caused by a single, short-term event, or it can persist over a long, recurring period. When you are stressed, your body releases specific hormones that keep you alert and ready for action, which may increase your blood pressure, heart rate, and blood sugar levels. This response is sometimes known as the "fight or flight" response [1].

• Short-term stress: Can sometimes be beneficial, such as the pressure from a work deadline, which motivates you to complete tasks. This type of stress dissipates once the situation is resolved [1].
• Chronic stress: Lasts for weeks, months, or longer, and occurs when your body acts as though it is under constant threat. It can result from routine pressures such as work, school, financial problems, or difficult life changes like divorce or job loss [1].

What is Anxiety?

Anxiety is the body's reaction to stress and can occur even in the absence of an immediate threat. It often involves a persistent feeling of apprehension or fear that does not go away and interferes with daily life. Unlike stress, which is often a response to an external cause and dissipates when the situation is resolved, anxiety is usually internal and persistent, even when there is no direct threat [3].

Signs and Symptoms of Stress and Anxiety

The symptoms of stress and anxiety can appear similarly, as both affect the mind and body. Common symptoms you may experience include:

• Excessive worry [3]
• Feelings of unease [3]
• Physical tension [3]
• Headaches or body aches [3]
• High blood pressure [3]
• Sleep problems [3]

Additionally, chronic stress can lead to a weakened ability of the body to fight germs, digestive issues, and feelings of sadness, anger, or irritability [1].

When Should You Seek Help?

It is important to manage stress, as everyone experiences it; however, when stress or anxiety becomes overwhelming and interferes with your daily life, it may be time to seek help. You should speak with a healthcare provider if you are experiencing severe symptoms that last for two weeks or more, such as:

• Difficulty sleeping [1]
• Changes in eating habits that lead to undesired weight changes [1]
• Difficulty getting out of bed due to your mood [1]
• Difficulty concentrating [1]
• Loss of interest in activities you usually enjoy [1]
• Inability to carry out your usual daily activities [1]

Help should be sought immediately if stress is causing suicidal thoughts, a feeling of being unable to cope, or increased use of alcohol or drugs [1]. A healthcare provider can refer you to a mental health professional, such as a psychologist or social worker [1]. You can explore more about Managing Chronic Stress: Practical Techniques for Calming the Mind and Body (Arabic).

Medical references

• Stress
• I’m So Stressed Out! Fact Sheet