What is COVID-19?

COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) is a disease caused by a virus known as SARS-CoV-2. This virus spreads when an infected person releases droplets and very small particles containing the virus while breathing. COVID-19 symptoms often resemble those of a cold, flu, or pneumonia, but it can also affect parts of the body other than the lungs and respiratory system [1].

How does COVID-19 spread?

The COVID-19 virus is primarily transmitted through droplets and small particles released by an infected person when coughing or sneezing. These droplets are infectious, which is why it is important to cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or your elbow (not your hands) when coughing or sneezing, and to dispose of the tissue after use [2]. Infection can also spread indirectly by touching surfaces contaminated with the virus and then touching your face [2].

Common symptoms of COVID-19

COVID-19 symptoms range from mild to severe and may manifest in various ways. Common symptoms include fever (higher than 38 degrees Celsius), cough, and shortness of breath. Some people may also experience body aches, headache, sore throat, loss of smell or taste, or fatigue [2]. Most people who contract COVID-19 experience a mild form of the disease and can recover at home [3].

Preventing COVID-19

To protect against COVID-19 and limit its spread, it is advised to follow several preventive measures. These include washing hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds several times a day, especially after coughing or sneezing and before eating [2]. If soap and water are unavailable, a hand sanitizer containing at least 60% alcohol can be used [2]. It is also recommended to avoid touching the face, eyes, nose, and mouth with unwashed hands [2]. Wearing a proper mask that fits tightly over the nose and mouth is an important step, especially when around others or traveling while ill [2]. For additional information on how to protect yourself and others, you can visit COVID-19: Symptoms, Prevention, and Comprehensive Treatment (Arabic).

When to seek medical care?

You should contact a healthcare provider if you develop symptoms and suspect you have COVID-19, or if your symptoms worsen [2]. In cases of severe symptoms, seek emergency medical help immediately. Symptoms that require calling emergency services (911 or your local number) include difficulty breathing, pain or pressure in the chest, confusion or inability to wake up, or bluish, pale, or gray skin, lips, face, or fingernails [2]. These symptoms may indicate an emergency requiring urgent medical intervention.

Medical references

• COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019)
• COVID-19 – what to do when you are sick
• COVID-19 Symptoms and Complementary Approaches: What You Need To Know