What are the main causes of heel pain?

Heel pain is considered a common health issue, mostly resulting from the heel bone and its surrounding tissues being subjected to repetitive strain or abnormal pressure [2]. The causes of this pain range from incorrect daily practices and physical strain to certain inflammatory medical conditions that affect the structure of the foot [2].

Overexertion and Physical Activity

Overuse of the foot is a major cause of heel pain, especially among athletes and individuals whose daily activity involves constant walking, running, or jumping [1]. This activity can lead to what is known as "Achilles tendinitis," where the tendon connecting the calf muscles to the heel becomes inflamed and painful [1]. The likelihood of developing this condition increases in certain situations, such as: a sudden increase in exercise intensity, running on hard surfaces like concrete, or wearing shoes that do not provide adequate foot support [1]. Furthermore, tight and inflexible calf muscles play a prominent role in increasing the chances of this inflammation occurring [1].

Plantar Fasciitis and Tissue Disorders

In addition to tendonitis, heel pain may result from plantar fasciitis, a common condition that leads to pain in the sole of the foot and the heel [2]. Persistent pressure on the foot can also cause bursitis, which is an inflammation of the fluid-filled sacs that protect the joints and tissues of the heel [2]. Over time, this chronic mechanical stress may lead to the formation of bone spurs on the heel bone, which in turn may cause irritation to the surrounding tissues and increase the severity of pain during movement [2].

Medical Conditions and Systemic Diseases

In some cases, the causes of heel pain are not limited to direct physical strain; they may be linked to systemic diseases affecting joints and connective tissues, such as gout or rheumatoid arthritis [2]. These diseases can cause inflammation and structural changes that lead to persistent pain. It is also important to note that some congenital or acquired deformities, such as flat feet, may place additional tension on the Achilles tendon, increasing the risk of experiencing pain [1]. To learn more about diagnostic methods and managing these conditions, you can review Heel and Foot Pain: Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options (Arabic).

When Should You Consult a Doctor?

It is essential to contact a healthcare provider if heel pain worsens with daily activity, or in the event of sharp, sudden pain that prevents you from walking or the ability to stand on your toes [1]. This type of acute pain may indicate a more serious injury or tissue tear and requires careful medical evaluation. Remember that treatment for Achilles tendinitis may take a period ranging from two to three months before symptoms begin to improve, which requires patience and adherence to the instructions of the doctor or physical therapist [1].

Medical references

• Achilles tendinitis
• Heel Injuries and Disorders