What are the most common work-related back injuries and how can they be prevented?

Back injuries are common health problems that can result from daily work activities, ranging in severity from mild pain to severe discomfort that may affect mobility. The lower back is often the area most prone to injury [2]. Some of the most common types of work-related back injuries include:

Common Types of Back Injuries in the Workplace

• Sprains and strains: A sprain occurs when the ligaments supporting the spine are injured, while a strain is an injury to a muscle or tendon. These injuries often occur due to sudden movements, improper twisting, or lifting heavy objects incorrectly [1].
• Herniated disc: This occurs when the disc between the vertebrae presses on nearby nerves, causing pain that may radiate to the buttocks or legs [1].
• Vertebral fractures: These fractures may occur due to accidents or direct injuries, or in rare cases, due to medical conditions such as osteoporosis [1].

These injuries can cause pain and limit movement. Treatment methods vary based on the cause and symptoms and may include medication, rest, physical therapy, or surgery in some cases [2].

Occupational Risk Factors for Back Injuries

Certain jobs and activities increase the risk of back injuries. These factors include:

• Heavy lifting, pushing, and pulling: Jobs that require significant physical effort and repetitive movements can place extra pressure on the back [1].
• Prolonged sitting: Office jobs can lead to back pain, especially with poor sitting posture or uncomfortable chairs [1].
• Twisting and sudden movements: Unexpected movements or rapid twisting can cause acute injuries [1].

Strategies for Preventing Back Injuries at Work

Preventing back injuries at work involves a set of measures aimed at reducing pressure on the spine and improving body support:

• Correct lifting techniques: When lifting objects, stand close to the item, bend your knees and not your waist, tighten your abdominal muscles, and use your hip and knee muscles to lift slowly. Avoid twisting the back while lifting or carrying [3]. If the object is too heavy, ask for help [3].
• Workplace adjustments: If you sit for long periods, ensure your chair supports your back well and has armrests and an adjustable seat. Having a specialist evaluate your workspace can help identify necessary changes [3].
• Movement and physical activity: Walk or move every hour during the workday, and try to take short breaks for walking [3]. Regular walking and core-strengthening exercises (abdomen and back) are essential for supporting the spine and reducing the risk of injury [3].
• Maintaining a healthy weight: Excess weight increases pressure on the back, so maintaining a healthy weight reduces this pressure [3].

When Should You See a Doctor?

You should consult a doctor if the pain does not improve after a few weeks, or if any of the following symptoms appear along with the back pain [1]:

• Numbness or tingling in the legs or feet.
• Weakness in the legs or feet.
• Severe pain that does not improve with medication.
• Difficulty urinating.
• Fever or unexplained weight loss.
• Back pain following a fall or injury.

In some cases, back pain may be an indicator of other medical conditions that require a medical evaluation [1]. You can read more about Sports and Work-Related Back Injuries: Prevention and Treatment (Arabic).

Medical references

• Back Pain
• Back Injuries
• Back pain - returning to work