What are the treatment options for small intestine cancer?

Treatment options for small intestine cancer include several methods, most notably surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. The choice of the most appropriate treatment depends significantly on the type of cancer, the extent of its spread, and whether the tumor can be completely surgically removed. These treatments may be used individually or in combination to achieve the best possible outcomes for the patient [1].

Surgery as a Primary Treatment Option

Surgery is the most common treatment for small intestine cancer. The goal of surgery is to remove the affected part of the small intestine, which may also include adjacent organs if the cancer has spread to them. In some cases, the surgeon may remove the cancerous part of the intestine and then reconnect the cut ends in a procedure known as anastomosis. Lymph nodes near the small intestine are usually also removed and examined under a microscope to ensure they are free of cancer cells [1].

If the tumor is obstructing the intestine and cannot be removed, bypass surgery may be performed to allow food to pass around the tumor. After surgery, some patients may be given radiation therapy to kill any remaining cancer cells and reduce the risk of cancer recurrence [1].

Radiation Therapy and Chemotherapy

Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays, such as X-rays or gamma rays, to kill cancer cells. This treatment can cause side effects in the digestive system and skin, such as redness, peeling, itching in the treatment area, and temporary hair loss [2]. Other common side effects that may appear two to three weeks after starting radiation therapy include: frequent bowel movements, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, excessive gas and bloating, upset stomach, nausea or vomiting, and loss of appetite [2].

Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells or slow their growth. It can be given before surgery to shrink the tumor, or after surgery to kill any remaining cancer cells. The type of medication and dosages depend on the type and stage of the small intestine cancer [1].

New Therapies and Clinical Trials

Research is currently underway to test new types of treatment, such as immunotherapy and radiation therapy with radiosensitizers. These clinical trials aim to improve existing treatments or obtain information about new treatments for cancer patients. Patients may consider participating in clinical trials, which can be joined before, during, or after beginning cancer treatment [1].

Post-Treatment Follow-up

After treatment is completed, regular follow-up examinations may be necessary. The prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options depend on several factors, including the type of small intestine cancer, whether the cancer has spread to other parts of the body such as the lymph nodes or liver, whether the cancer can be completely removed surgically, and whether the cancer is newly diagnosed or has returned after treatment [1]. For more information on small intestine cancer, you can visit Small Intestine Cancer: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment (Arabic).

Medical references

• Small Intestine Cancer Treatment (PDQ®)–Patient Version
• Abdominal radiation - discharge