What is Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) and is it suitable for women?

Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) is a preventive method that involves taking HIV medication daily to reduce the risk of acquiring HIV in people who are HIV-negative but at high risk of infection. PrEP can be suitable for women who are at risk of HIV infection through sexual contact, especially if a partner is living with HIV or if other risk factors are present.

What is PrEP?

PrEP stands for "Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis," and it is a preventive strategy used to reduce the likelihood of acquiring HIV. This strategy involves taking one or more HIV medications regularly by individuals who do not have the virus but are at high risk of contracting it. The goal of PrEP is to prevent the virus from replicating in the body if exposure occurs, thereby preventing infection. PrEP is available in the form of daily oral tablets, and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has also approved an injectable form of PrEP [1].

Is PrEP suitable for women?

Yes, PrEP can be suitable and effective for women who are at risk of HIV. The majority of women acquire HIV through unprotected sex with a male partner living with the virus [1]. Therefore, PrEP provides an additional layer of protection for women who may be in a relationship with an HIV-positive partner, who have sex with multiple or unknown partners, or who share needles [1].

It is important to speak with a healthcare provider to determine if PrEP is right for you. A doctor will assess your risk factors and conduct the necessary tests to ensure you are HIV-negative before starting treatment [1].

How does PrEP work?

PrEP medications work by preventing HIV from replicating in cells if it enters the body. When taken consistently, the medication maintains sufficient levels in the body to prevent the virus from establishing a permanent infection. This means that even if a woman is exposed to the virus, the medication helps prevent it from spreading and taking over the immune system [1].

To achieve maximum effectiveness, PrEP must be taken regularly according to your doctor's instructions. Failure to adhere to the dosage schedule can reduce its effectiveness in preventing infection [1].

Important considerations for women using PrEP

There are several specific considerations for women when using PrEP:

• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: If you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant, it is important to discuss PrEP use with your doctor. PrEP can help protect both the mother and the child from HIV [2]. Women living with HIV should speak with their doctors before becoming pregnant, as they can take medications to reduce the chance of transmitting the virus to their children [1].
• Drug Interactions: Some HIV medications used in PrEP may interact with hormonal contraceptives, which could affect their effectiveness [3]. Therefore, it is essential to inform your doctor of all medications you are taking, including contraceptives.
• Regular Screenings: Women using PrEP must undergo regular screenings for HIV, kidney function, and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). This ensures that PrEP remains appropriate and effective and detects any other infections that may require treatment [1].
• Comprehensive Prevention: Although PrEP is highly effective, it does not protect against other sexually transmitted infections. Therefore, the consistent and correct use of condoms remains important for comprehensive prevention [1].

For more information on HIV in women, you can visit HIV in Women: Diagnosis and Care Challenges (Arabic).

Medical references

• Women and HIV: Get the Facts on HIV Testing, Prevention, and Treatment
• HIV and Pregnancy
• HIV in Women