What is radon gas and why is it dangerous to human health?

Radon gas is a naturally occurring radioactive gas that forms from the natural decay of uranium, thorium, and radium elements found in rocks, soil, and water [1]. Radon is colorless, odorless, and tasteless, making it a hidden danger that cannot be detected by human senses [2]. Radon exists in the outdoor air at very low levels, but it can accumulate inside homes and buildings to high levels that pose a significant health risk [1].

How does radon enter homes?

Radon gas leaks from the ground into homes through cracks in foundations, floors, or walls. It can also be emitted from building materials or from groundwater used in homes, especially those that rely on private wells [1]. Radon levels tend to be higher in basements or cellars due to their proximity to the ground [3]. Radon can accumulate in any home, whether it is new or old, airtight or well-ventilated [1].

Why is radon gas dangerous?

The danger of radon gas lies in the fact that it decays quickly, releasing small radioactive particles. When these radioactive particles are inhaled, they can damage the cells lining the lungs [1]. Long-term exposure to radon gas can lead to lung cancer, which is the only disease proven to be linked to radon inhalation [2]. Radon exposure is considered the second leading cause of lung cancer after smoking in the United States [1].

The effect of radon on lung health

The risk of developing lung cancer increases significantly when combining radon gas exposure with cigarette smoking. Although the majority of radon-related deaths occur among smokers, an estimated 10% of these deaths occur among non-smokers [1]. It may take many years before the effects of radon exposure appear in the form of lung cancer [3].

Practical steps to protect your family

Because radon is odorless and colorless, testing is the only way to know if its levels are high in your home [2]. Radon test kits are available at most hardware stores and are easy to use and relatively inexpensive [3]. It is recommended to take action to lower radon levels in homes that exceed a concentration of 4 picocuries per liter (pCi/L) of air [2]. It is also advised to consider repairs when radon levels range between 2 and 4 picocuries per liter [1]. Increasing airflow by opening windows and using fans can help reduce radon levels temporarily [1]. Sealing cracks in floors and walls with suitable materials can also reduce radon leakage [1]. If radon levels are significantly high, you may need to install a specialized radon reduction system [3]. After making any repairs, it is important to monitor radon levels to ensure they have dropped [1]. For more information on this topic, you can visit Radon Gas: A Hidden Danger in Homes and How to Protect Your Family (Arabic).

Medical references

• Radon
• Radon and Cancer
• Radon