What types of shoes should I wear if I have diabetes?

Patients with diabetes should wear comfortable, wide-fitting shoes that provide good support and protect the feet from injury. It is preferable to choose athletic shoes or walking shoes made of breathable materials, ensuring there is sufficient room for the toes. Avoid high heels or pointed shoes, as well as shoes made of vinyl or plastic that do not stretch or allow for ventilation.

The Importance of Choosing the Right Footwear for Diabetes

Selecting appropriate footwear is critical for patients with diabetes because high blood sugar levels over time can lead to nerve damage and poor circulation in the feet [1]. This nerve damage, known as diabetic neuropathy, may cause a loss of sensation, meaning the patient may not feel cuts, blisters, or sores that may develop on the foot [2]. If these injuries are not detected and treated, they can worsen and lead to serious infections, and in some cases, may require amputation [1]. Proper footwear provides a protective barrier against these risks.

Criteria for Selecting Protective Footwear

When selecting footwear, several factors must be considered to ensure maximum protection and comfort for the diabetic foot:

• Correct Size: Shoes must fit perfectly, being neither too tight nor too loose. It is recommended to purchase shoes at the end of the day, when the feet are at their largest size, to ensure the best fit [2]. Ensure there is enough space for the toes to move without pressure.
• Materials: Choose shoes made of natural, flexible, and breathable materials, such as leather or canvas, and avoid synthetic materials like vinyl or plastic that do not stretch or allow for ventilation [2].
• Internal Lining: The inner lining should be smooth and free of any seams or protrusions that could cause friction or wounds [1]. Before putting on shoes, always check the inside to ensure there are no foreign objects such as pebbles [3].
• Support and Comfort: Athletic shoes and walking shoes offer good foot support and allow the feet to breathe, making them excellent choices for daily use [2].
• Avoiding Certain Types: Do not wear high heels, pointed-toe shoes, open-toed sandals, or shoes that put pressure on the toes [2]. Furthermore, you must avoid walking barefoot, even inside the house, to protect the feet from unexpected injuries [1].

Appropriate Socks and Their Role in Foot Protection

Choosing the right socks is just as important as choosing the right shoes. Socks should be worn with shoes at all times to prevent blisters and wounds [2]. Choose clean, lightly padded, and well-fitting socks. Seamless socks are preferred, and those made of moisture-wicking materials help keep the feet dry [3]. Avoid tight socks or those with elastic bands that might restrict blood flow to the feet [2].

When Should You Consult a Doctor or Podiatrist?

If you suffer from changes in foot shape, such as Charcot foot, or loss of sensation, or if you have a history of foot ulcers or amputation, you may need special shoes or custom inserts (orthotics) [2]. It is recommended to consult a podiatrist (foot specialist) to evaluate your condition and determine the most appropriate type of footwear or orthotics for you. A healthcare professional can help you develop a diabetic foot care plan, which includes checking your feet regularly [2]. For more information on daily diabetic foot care and preventing complications, you can visit Diabetic Foot: Your Daily Guide to Care and Prevention of Ulcers and Amputation (Arabic).

Medical references

• Diabetic Foot
• Diabetes & Foot Problems
• Foot Complications