Why does pain in the salivary glands increase when eating?

Pain in the salivary glands commonly increases during meals due to an obstruction in the salivary ducts. When you eat, the salivary glands increase their production of saliva to aid in digestion. If there are small stones or strictures within the ducts, this increased flow of saliva cannot pass freely, leading to saliva accumulation behind the blockage, which causes swelling and increased pain in the affected gland [1].

Understanding the Role of Salivary Glands and Pain

Salivary glands produce saliva, which plays a vital role in moisturizing the mouth, facilitating chewing and swallowing, and initiating the digestive process. Saliva also contains antibodies that fight germs, maintaining oral health [2]. When these glands experience a problem such as an obstruction, they become irritated and swollen, and you may feel pain in the face or mouth, or notice swelling in the face, neck, or under the tongue [2].

Causes of Obstruction and Worsening Pain

The salivary glands consist of three main pairs: the parotid glands (in front of and below each ear), the submandibular glands (under the jaw), and the sublingual glands (under the tongue), in addition to hundreds of other minor glands [1]. Obstruction can occur as a result of small stones forming inside the gland ducts, which hinder saliva flow. These stones can cause the gland to swell, become painful, and potentially develop an infection [1]. Additionally, small strictures or kinks in the system of large salivary ducts can reduce saliva flow [1].

When Should You See a Doctor?

If you are experiencing increasing pain in the salivary glands when eating, or if you notice swelling, difficulty opening your mouth, or a bad taste in your mouth, it is important to consult a doctor [2]. The doctor will evaluate your medical history and perform a physical examination. If an obstruction is suspected, they may order an X-ray or ultrasound to determine the location and cause of the blockage [1]. Early diagnosis can help prevent complications such as infection.

Available Treatment Options

Treatment for salivary gland disorders depends on the underlying cause [1]. If the cause is a duct obstruction, the doctor may use a local anesthetic to numb the area and then dilate the duct to remove the obstructing stone [1]. In some cases, the doctor may recommend removing the salivary gland if a tumor develops within it, noting that most tumors in the parotid gland area are benign (non-cancerous) [1]. To keep the mouth moist and relieve symptoms, it is advisable to drink plenty of fluids, maintain good oral hygiene, and avoid foods that stick to the roof of the mouth [1]. You can learn more about salivary gland inflammation by visiting Salivary Gland Inflammation: Swelling and Pain While Eating (Arabic).

Medical references

• Saliva & Salivary Gland Disorders
• Salivary Gland Disorders