What are hypothyroidism symptoms, and how is it diagnosed?
Hypothyroidism may cause fatigue, cold intolerance, constipation, dry skin, weight gain or menstrual changes. These symptoms are nonspecific; diagnosis requires clinical assessment and thyroid tests interpreted in context.
Details
How symptoms develop
Changes may develop slowly and include difficulty concentrating, altered mood, hoarseness or hair changes. A common symptom such as tiredness does not establish hypothyroidism, and weight gain should not automatically be attributed to the thyroid.
Typical testing
TSH and free thyroxine are usually assessed. Antibody tests or further investigations may be needed to establish the cause. Mention pregnancy or recent childbirth, thyroid surgery or previous treatment, and all medicines and supplements.
Treatment and monitoring
Hypothyroidism is commonly treated with replacement thyroid hormone, adjusted using tests and follow-up. Do not start iodine or thyroid hormone for weight loss. Pregnancy or pregnancy planning requires early review of treatment. Marked confusion or breathing difficulty warrants urgent assessment.
Related reading: How is an overactive thyroid diagnosed?.