When does someone with diabetes need insulin?
Insulin is essential for type 1 diabetes and may be needed temporarily or long term in type 2 diabetes. Symptoms, glucose levels, current treatment, pregnancy and acute illness influence the decision rather than one number alone.
Details
In type 1 and type 2 diabetes
In type 1 diabetes the body cannot supply enough insulin, and diet does not replace it. In type 2 diabetes it may be needed when targets are not reached, with severe symptomatic hyperglycaemia or during circumstances requiring different control. Needing insulin is not a personal failure.
When is it an emergency?
Vomiting, abdominal pain, deep or rapid breathing and drowsiness, particularly with high glucose or ketones, can indicate diabetic ketoacidosis. Seek emergency care rather than waiting for an appointment. In some circumstances ketoacidosis occurs without extremely high glucose.
Starting safely
You need a plan for doses, monitoring, food, hypoglycaemia and sick days. Never share pens or use another person’s dose. Do not independently stop insulin during illness or reduced intake; contact your team for the appropriate sick-day plan.
Related reading: What is the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?.