Is bacterial vaginosis sexually transmitted, and does a partner need treatment?
Bacterial vaginosis is an imbalance of vaginal bacteria, not proof of infidelity or a conventional sexually transmitted infection. It can be associated with sexual activity and recur. Partner-treatment guidance has evolved; concurrent treatment may be considered, particularly for recurrent symptomatic BV.
Details
Odour alone is not a diagnosis
Unusual discharge and odour may occur, but yeast infections, some sexually transmitted infections and other conditions can cause overlapping symptoms. Examination and testing guide treatment, with further infection assessment when appropriate.
Why has partner advice changed?
Professional updates in 2025 recommend discussing partner therapy in selected circumstances to reduce recurrence. The clinician tailors the plan to the case and partnership; do not share prescriptions or independently start partner treatment.
Care and follow-up
Avoid vaginal douching and fragranced mixtures, and complete prescribed treatment. Return if symptoms recur and mention pregnancy. Pelvic pain, fever or unusual bleeding needs prompt assessment rather than automatically being attributed to BV.
Related reading: How can recurrent urinary tract infections be prevented?.