What causes night-time leg cramps, and how can I relieve them?
A leg cramp is a sudden painful muscle contraction that can interrupt sleep without an identifiable cause. Exertion, pregnancy, medicines or health conditions may contribute. It is not always a magnesium or potassium deficiency; recurrent cramps or other symptoms merit review.
Details
During an episode
Try gentle stretching and massage. For a calf cramp, straightening the knee and bringing the foot toward you may help within comfort. Do not force painful movement, and stand carefully to avoid a fall.
If cramps keep recurring
Record activity, medicines and episode frequency. Regular appropriate stretching and addressing an identified cause may help; fluid intake should fit your health needs. Avoid unplanned potassium or magnesium supplements, particularly with kidney disease, and do not self-start quinine because of its risks.
When it is not a typical cramp
Persistent one-sided leg pain with swelling, redness or warmth needs urgent assessment for a clot or another cause. Associated breathlessness or chest pain requires emergency help. Persistent weakness or numbness also needs examination.
Related reading: Does painless knee cracking mean arthritis or joint damage?.