What is the difference between sadness and depression?
Sadness is a human emotion that can fluctuate. Depression can involve persistent low mood or loss of interest with symptoms affecting daily life. Symptoms on most days for two weeks warrant assessment, but do not wait if there is a risk of self-harm.
Details
Duration is only part of the distinction
Assessment considers loss of interest, changes in sleep, appetite, energy or concentration, guilt and the effect on work and relationships. Depression may follow a difficult event or occur without an obvious trigger, and it can coexist with grief. Having an understandable reason for distress does not make support unnecessary.
Getting assessed
Speak with a doctor or mental-health professional about symptoms, duration, medicines and medical conditions. Some physical conditions resemble depression, so an online checklist cannot confirm the diagnosis. Talking therapies and medicines are selected according to need and preference.
When safety is at risk
If you may act on thoughts of self-harm, contact emergency services or go to the nearest emergency department and ask a trusted person to stay with you. You do not need to wait two weeks or prove that your distress is severe enough to seek help.
Related reading: When do antidepressants start working, and when is review needed?.