What is the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?
In type 1 diabetes the immune system usually damages insulin-producing cells, making insulin treatment necessary. Type 2 involves insulin resistance and inadequate production. Both occur at different ages; age and weight alone cannot identify the type.
Details
Shared symptoms, different mechanisms
Thirst, frequent urination, fatigue and blurred vision can occur in both. Type 2 may develop gradually without obvious symptoms, while type 1 can appear rapidly, including in adults. Young people can also develop type 2 diabetes.
How the type is determined
Appropriate tests establish high glucose and the clinician reviews the history. If the type is unclear, antibody testing or measures of insulin production may help. Appearance or obesity alone is not a diagnosis, and necessary treatment should not be delayed while every detail is clarified.
Treatment without stigma
Type 1 requires insulin, education and monitoring. Type 2 treatments vary and may also include insulin; using it does not turn type 2 into type 1. Nutrition, activity and appropriate eye, kidney and foot checks contribute to individual care.
Related reading: When does someone with diabetes need insulin?.